Distinct effects of duration of untreated psychosis on brain cortical activities in different treatment phases of schizophrenia: A multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy study

• Published in: Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry Vol. 49; pp. 63 - 69
• Main Authors: Chou, Po-Han, Koike, Shinsuke, Nishimura, Yukika, Kawasaki, Shingo, Satomura, Yoshihiro, Kinoshita, Akihide, Takizawa, Ryu, Kasai, Kiyoto
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier Inc 03.03.2014; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Antipsychotic Agents - pharmacology; Antipsychotic Agents - therapeutic use; Biological and medical sciences; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex - drug effects; Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology; Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP); Female; Frontal Lobe - blood supply; Humans; I.R. radiation; Male; Medical sciences; Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS); Neuropharmacology; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Psychoses; Psychotic Disorders - complications; Psychotic Disorders - drug therapy; Psychotic Disorders - physiopathology; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia - complications; Schizophrenia - drug therapy; Schizophrenia - physiopathology; Schizophrenic Psychology; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Temporal Lobe - blood supply; Time-to-Treatment; Verbal fluency test (VFT); Young Adult; LPBA; MTG; MRI; VFT; STG; DOT; IQ; Schizophrenia; IFG; GAF; SPECT; Verbal fluency test (VFT); MFG; MRS; FEP; fMRI; FDR; Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP); NIRS; PANSS; DUP; PET; DOI; Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS); Psychosis; Near infrared spectrometry; Cerebral cortex; Verbal fluency; Treatment; Central nervous system; Duration of untreated psychosis; Encephalon; magnetic resonance imaging; near-infrared spectroscopy; first episode psychosis; verbal fluency test; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; global assessment of functioning scale; LONI probabilistic brain atlas; false discovery rate; the positive and negative syndrome scale; middle temporal gyrus; duration of untreated psychosis; inferior frontal gyrus; duration of illness; middle frontal gyrus; functional magnetic resonance image; duration of treatment; positron emission tomography; intelligence quotient; single-photon emission computed tomography; superior temporal gyrus
• ISSN: 0278-5846; 1878-4216
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.11.009

Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been shown to be associated with both poor short-term and long-term outcomes in schizophrenia. Even so, few studies have used functional neuroimaging to investigate DUP in schizophrenia. In the present study, we used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to investigate the influence of DUP on brain functions during a verbal fluency test (VFT) in patients with schizophrenia. A total of 62 patients with schizophrenia were included. They were categorized into either short treatment (≤6months, n=33) or long treatment (>6months, n=29) groups based on their duration of treatment. Hemodynamic changes over the frontotemporal regions during a VFT were measured using multi-channel NIRS. We examined the associations between DUP and hemodynamic changes in each group to explore if there were different effects of DUP on brain cortical activity at different treatment durations. In the long treatment group, we found significant associations between a longer DUP and decreased cortical activity approximately at the left inferior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, right precentral gyrus, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, and bilateral middle temporal gyrus, whereas no associations between DUP and brain cortical activity were observed in the short treatment group. Our results indicated that longer DUP may be associated with decreased level of cortical activities over the frontotemporal regions in the long-term. Early detection and intervention of psychosis that shortens DUP might help to improve the long-term outcomes in patients with schizophrenia. •We examined the effect of duration of untreated psychosis on brain function.•Longer DUP has negative effects on brain cortical activity.•Adverse effects of DUP on brain function differed in different stages of schizophrenia.