Systemic Therapy of Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities

• Published in: Cancers Vol. 14; no. 11; p. 2588
• Main Authors: Chakrabarti, Sakti, Kamgar, Mandana, Mahipal, Amit
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 24.05.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Adenocarcinoma; Cancer; Cancer therapies; Chemotherapy; Clinical trials; Cytotoxicity; Development and progression; Diarrhea; Drug delivery; Drug therapy; Forecasts and trends; Genetic aspects; Immunotherapy; Malignancy; Metastases; Metastasis; Methods; Molecular targeted therapy; Mutation; Neutropenia; Pancreatic cancer; Patients; Review; Therapeutic targets; Tumor microenvironment; Tumorigenesis; United States; United States > US; targeted therapy; maintenance therapy; pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); next-generation sequencing
• ISSN: 2072-6694; 2072-6694
• DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112588

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by nonspecific presenting symptoms, lack of a screening test, rapidly progressive clinical course, and presentation with an advanced-stage disease in the majority of patients. PDAC is essentially a systemic disease irrespective of the initial stage, as most patients with non-metastatic PDAC undergoing curative-intent treatment eventually experience metastatic relapse. Currently, cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment in patients with advanced disease. However, the current standard treatment with multiagent chemotherapy has modest efficacy and results in median overall survival (OS) of less than a year and a 5-year OS of about 10%. The pathobiology of PDAC poses many challenges, including a unique tumor microenvironment interfering with drug delivery, intratumoral heterogeneity, and a strongly immunosuppressive microenvironment that supports cancer growth. Recent research is exploring a wide range of novel therapeutic targets, including genomic alterations, tumor microenvironment, and tumor metabolism. The rapid evolution of tumor genome sequencing technologies paves the way for personalized, targeted therapies. The present review summarizes the current chemotherapeutic treatment paradigm of advanced PDAC and discusses the evolving novel targets that are being investigated in a myriad of clinical trials.