Over-starvation aggravates intestinal injury and promotes bacterial and endotoxin translocation under high-altitude hypoxic environment
AIM：To study whether over-starvation aggravates intestinal mucosal injury and promotes bacterial and endotoxin translocation in a high-altitude hypoxic environment.METHODS：Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to hy-pobaric hypoxia at a simulated altitude of 7000 m for 72 h.Lanthanum nitrate was used as...
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| Published in | World journal of gastroenterology : WJG Vol. 17; no. 12; pp. 1584 - 1593 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited
28.03.2011
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Summary: | AIM：To study whether over-starvation aggravates intestinal mucosal injury and promotes bacterial and endotoxin translocation in a high-altitude hypoxic environment.METHODS：Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to hy-pobaric hypoxia at a simulated altitude of 7000 m for 72 h.Lanthanum nitrate was used as a tracer to detect intestinal injury.Epithelial apoptosis was observed with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining.Serum levels of diamino oxidase（DAO）,malondialdehyde（MDA）,glutamine（Gln）,superoxide dismutase（SOD） and endotoxin were measured in intestinal mucosa.Bacterial translocation was detected in blood culture and intestinal homogenates.In addition,rats were given Gln intragastrically to observe its protective effect on intestinal injury.RESULTS：Apoptotic epithelial cells,exfoliated villi and inflammatory cells in intestine were increased with edema in the lamina propria accompanying effusion of red blood cells.Lanthanum particles were found in the intercellular space and intracellular compartment.Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes（MLN） and spleen was evident.The serum endotoxin,DAO and MDA levels were significantly higher while the serum SOD,DAO and Gln levels were lower in intestine（P 0.05）.The bacterial translocation number was lower in the high altitude hypoxic group than in the high altitude starvation group（0.47±0.83 vs 2.38±1.45,P0.05）.The bacterial translocation was found in each organ,especially in MLN and spleen but not in peripheral blood.The bacterial and endotoxin translocations were both markedly improved in rats after treatment with Gln.CONCLUSION：High-altitude hypoxia and starvation cause severe intestinal mucosal injury and increase bacterial and endotoxin translocation,which can be treated with Gln. |
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| Bibliography: | High altitude; Hypoxia; Starvation; Intestinal mucosal injury; Bacterial translocation; Endotoxin; Glutamine Qi-Quan Zhou,Ding-Zhou Yang,Yong-Jun Luo,Department of High Altitude Disease,College of High Altitude Military Medicine,Third Military Medical University,Chongqing 400038,China Qi-Quan Zhou,Fu-Yu Liu,Yong-Jun Luo,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine,Ministry of Education,Third Military Medical University,Chongqing 400038,China Ding-Zhou Yang,Su-Zhi Li,Research Center of Mountain Sickness,General Hospital of Tibetan Military Area Command,Lhasa 850007,Tibet Autonomous Region,China Guan-Song Wang,Institute of Respiratory Diseases,Xinqiao Hospital,Third Military Medical University,Chongqing 400037,China AIM：To study whether over-starvation aggravates intestinal mucosal injury and promotes bacterial and endotoxin translocation in a high-altitude hypoxic environment.METHODS：Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to hy-pobaric hypoxia at a simulated altitude of 7000 m for 72 h.Lanthanum nitrate was used as a tracer to detect intestinal injury.Epithelial apoptosis was observed with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining.Serum levels of diamino oxidase（DAO）,malondialdehyde（MDA）,glutamine（Gln）,superoxide dismutase（SOD） and endotoxin were measured in intestinal mucosa.Bacterial translocation was detected in blood culture and intestinal homogenates.In addition,rats were given Gln intragastrically to observe its protective effect on intestinal injury.RESULTS：Apoptotic epithelial cells,exfoliated villi and inflammatory cells in intestine were increased with edema in the lamina propria accompanying effusion of red blood cells.Lanthanum particles were found in the intercellular space and intracellular compartment.Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes（MLN） and spleen was evident.The serum endotoxin,DAO and MDA levels were significantly higher while the serum SOD,DAO and Gln levels were lower in intestine（P 0.05）.The bacterial translocation number was lower in the high altitude hypoxic group than in the high altitude starvation group（0.47±0.83 vs 2.38±1.45,P0.05）.The bacterial translocation was found in each organ,especially in MLN and spleen but not in peripheral blood.The bacterial and endotoxin translocations were both markedly improved in rats after treatment with Gln.CONCLUSION：High-altitude hypoxia and starvation cause severe intestinal mucosal injury and increase bacterial and endotoxin translocation,which can be treated with Gln. 14-1219/R ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Telephone: +86-23-68752811 Fax: +86-23-68752334 Correspondence to: Qi-Quan Zhou, MD, Professor, Department of High Altitude Disease, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China. zhouqq9918@yahoo.com.cn Author contributions: Zhou QQ and Wang GS contributed equally to this work; Zhou QQ, Wang GS and Yang DZ provided the study concept and designed the research; Zhou QQ, Yang DZ, Luo YJ, Li SL, Liu FY and Wang GS performed the research; Zhou QQ, Yang DZ and Luo YJ provided the new reagents and analytic tools; Zhou QQ and Yang DZ analyzed and interpreted the data; Zhou QQ, Yang DZ and Luo YJ wrote the paper; Zhou QQ and Luo YJ drafted the manuscript. |
| ISSN: | 1007-9327 2219-2840 |
| DOI: | 10.3748/wjg.v17.i12.1584 |