Role of MGST1 in reactive intermediate-induced injury

• Published in: World journal of gastroenterology : WJG Vol. 17; no. 20; pp. 2552 - 2557
• Main Author: Schaffert, Courtney S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited 28.05.2011
• Subjects: Endoplasmic Reticulum - physiology; Ethanol - pharmacology; Glutathione Transferase - drug effects; Glutathione Transferase - physiology; Humans; Liver Diseases - metabolism; Liver Diseases - physiopathology; Mitochondrial Membranes - physiology; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Oxidative Stress - physiology; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Topic Highlight; 氢过氧化物; 氧化应激; 活性中间体; 线粒体膜; 细胞死亡; 肝损伤; 谷胱甘肽转移酶; 过氧化物酶; Oxidative stress; Mitochondrial permeability transition; Microsomal glutathione transferase 1; Glutathione; Liver injury
• ISSN: 1007-9327; 2219-2840
• DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i20.2552

Microsomal glutathione transferase （MGST1, EC 2.5.1.18） is a membrane bound glutathione transferase extensively studied for its ability to detoxify reactive intermediates, including metabolic electrophile intermediates and lipophilic hydroperoxides through its glutathione dependent transferase and peroxidase activities. It is expressed in high amounts in the liver, located both in the endoplasmic reticulum and the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. This enzyme is activated by oxidative stress. Binding of GSH and modification of cysteine 49 （the oxidative stress sensor） has been shown to increase activation and induce conformational changes in the enzyme. These changes have either been shown to enhance the protective effect ascribed to this enzyme or have been shown to contribute to cell death through mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation. The purpose of this review is to elucidate how one enzyme found in two places in the cell subjected to the same conditions of oxidative stress could both help protect against and contribute to reactive oxygen species-induced liver injury.