BCG in Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy

BCG is a live attenuated strain of that is primarily used as a vaccine against tuberculosis. In the past four decades, BCG has also been used for the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). In patients with NMIBC, BCG reduces the risk of tumor recurrence and decreases the likelihood...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inCancers Vol. 14; no. 13; p. 3073
Main Authors Jiang, Song, Redelman-Sidi, Gil
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 23.06.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Animal models
Antigens
Bladder cancer
Cancer
Cancer immunotherapy
Cytotoxicity
Dendritic cells
Epigenetics
Immune system
Immunotherapy
Invasiveness
Kinases
Lymphocytes
Mutation
Mycobacterium bovis
Patients
Pattern recognition
Review
Tuberculosis
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Tumors
Urine
Vaccines
BCG
bladder
immunotherapy
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Summary:BCG is a live attenuated strain of that is primarily used as a vaccine against tuberculosis. In the past four decades, BCG has also been used for the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). In patients with NMIBC, BCG reduces the risk of tumor recurrence and decreases the likelihood of progression to more invasive disease. Despite the long-term clinical experience with BCG, its mechanism of action is still being elucidated. Data from animal models and from human studies suggests that BCG activates both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system eventually leading to tumor destruction. Herein, we review the current data regarding the mechanism of BCG and summarize the evidence for its clinical efficacy and recommended indications and clinical practice.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
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ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers14133073