Validation and Reliability Testing of the Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (C-OIDP): Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties in Pakistani School-Going Children

• Published in: Children (Basel) Vol. 9; no. 5; p. 631
• Main Authors: Chaudhary, Farooq Ahmad, Iqbal, Azhar, Khalid, Muhammad Danial, Noor, Nouman, Syed, Jamaluddin, Baig, Muhammad Nadeem, Khattak, Osama, Ud Din, Shahab
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 28.04.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Bilingualism; C-OIDP; Children & youth; Dental occlusion; Language; oral health-related quality of life; Oral hygiene; Pediatrics; Perceptions; Quality of life; Quantitative psychology; Questionnaires; reliability; Schools; Social research; Translations; Urdu; Urdu language; Validation studies; Validity; Islamabad Pakistan; Pakistan; C-OIDP; validity; Urdu; oral health-related quality of life; reliability
• ISSN: 2227-9067; 2227-9067
• DOI: 10.3390/children9050631

Background: This study aimed to develop an Urdu version of Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performance (C-OIDP) and assess its reliability and validity for children’s oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) assessment in Pakistan. Methods: A total of 200 school-going children aged 11−14 were recruited from two public schools. For the adaptation process, the original English version of C-OIDP was translated into Urdu, reviewed by an expert committee, back-translated into Urdu, and then reviewed again by the same expert committee and pilot tested on 10 children. A clinical examination was carried out to record dental and gingival status followed by a face-to-face interview to measure oral health-related quality of life in children using C-OIDP-U. Reliability, internal consistency, construct and discriminant validity were assessed. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha for C-OIDP-U was 0.69, the mean C-OIDP-U score was 10.2 ± 8.1 and 77.3% of the children reported at least one oral impact. Eating (40.3%) and difficulty in cleaning mouth (38.7%) were the two most impacted daily performances. For construct validity, the associations were significant between the C-OIDP-U score and all subjective oral health measures (p < 0.001). For discriminant validity, a significant association was observed between the C-OIDP-U score and clinical oral variables, children with DMFT + dmft ≥ 1, Gingival index > 1 and having malocclusion reported a higher C-OIDP-U score when compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: This study showed that C-OIDP is a valid, reliable and efficient instrument of OHRQoL for use in Pakistani children.