A multicenter observational study on the management of hyperglycemia in patients with acute coronary syndrome

• Published in: Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases Vol. 25; no. 10; pp. 916 - 923
• Main Authors: Avanzini, F, Mafrici, A, Riva, E, Franzosi, M.G, Milani, V, Giudici, V, Marelli, G, Mariani, G, Piatti, P.M, Roncaglioni, M.C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.10.2015
• Subjects: Acute coronary syndrome; Acute Coronary Syndrome - complications; Aged; Blood Glucose - analysis; Cardiovascular; Coronary Care Units; Diabetes Complications - epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hyperglycemia - blood; Hyperglycemia - complications; Hyperglycemia - drug therapy; Insulin - therapeutic use; Intensive cardiac care unit; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Italy; Hyperglycemia; Intensive cardiac care unit; Acute coronary syndrome; Diabetes mellitus
• ISSN: 0939-4753; 1590-3729
• DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.07.007

Abstract Aim To assess the prevalence, risk and management of hyperglycemia in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods and Results Design: a multicenter prospective observational study of a representative sample of patients with ACS consecutively admitted to intensive cardiac care units (ICCU). Setting: 31 out of 61 ICCUs in Lombardy, the most heavily populated Italian region. From May 2009 to April 2010 1260 patients (69.4% male; mean age 68 ± 13 years) were included in the study: 301 (23.9%) were known diabetic patients (D) and 265 (21.0%) had hyperglycemia (H) (blood glucose >180 mg/dL) at hospital admission, 174 with a history of diabetes (D+H+) and 91 without (D−H+). On the first day after admission intravenous insulin infusion was prescribed to 72 D+H+ (41.4%) and 10 D−H+ (11.0%), according to different protocols. Approximately one third of D+H+ patients (59) and one fifth (17) of D−H+ maintained mean blood glucose higher than 180 mg/dL during the first day in the ICCU. Patients with diabetes or hyperglycemia had a higher incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events or death in hospital. However, at multivariable analysis neither diabetes nor blood glucose at admission was associated with a poor prognosis whereas mean blood glucose on the first day was an independent negative prognostic predictor (OR 1.010, 95% CI 1.002–1.018, p = 0.016). Conclusion Hyperglycemia is frequent in patients with ACS and is independently associated with a poor in-hospital prognosis if it persists in first day. Unfortunately, however, this condition is still poorly treated, with far from optimal blood glucose control.