Super Resolution of Magnetic Resonance Images

• Published in: Journal of imaging Vol. 7; no. 6; p. 101
• Main Authors: Kaur, Prabhjot, Sao, Anil Kumar, Ahuja, Chirag Kamal
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 21.06.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Algorithms; Approximation; Deep learning; enhancement; Galling; Image resolution; Knowledge; Magnetic resonance imaging; MRI; Noise; Noise reduction; Partial differential equations; Principal components analysis; Qualitative analysis; reconstruction; Regularization; self-similarity; Sharpness; Signal to noise ratio; super resolution; reconstruction; super resolution; enhancement; self-similarity; MRI
• ISSN: 2313-433X; 2313-433X
• DOI: 10.3390/jimaging7060101

In this work, novel denoising and super resolution (SR) approaches for magnetic resonance (MR) images are addressed, and are integrated in a unified framework, which do not require example low resolution (LR)/high resolution (HR)/cross-modality/noise-free images and prior information of noise–noise variance. The proposed method categorizes the patches as either smooth or textured and then denoises them by deploying different denoising strategies for efficient denoising. The denoising algorithm is integrated into the SR approach, which uses a gradient profile-based constraint in a sparse representation-based framework to improve the resolution of MR images with reduced smearing of image details. This constraint regularizes the estimation of HR images such that the estimated HR image has gradient profiles similar to the gradient profiles of the original HR image. For this, the gradient profile sharpness (GPS) values of an unknown HR image are estimated using an approximated piece-wise linear relation among GPS values of LR and upsampled LR images. The experiments are performed on three different publicly available datasets. The proposed SR approach outperforms the existing unsupervised SR approach addressed for real MR images that exploits low rank and total variation (LRTV) regularization, by an average peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of 0.73 dB and 0.38 dB for upsampling factors 2 and 3, respectively. For the super resolution of noisy real MR images (degraded with 2% noise), the proposed approach outperforms the LRTV approach by an average PSNR of 0.54 dB and 0.46 dB for upsampling factors 2 and 3, respectively. The qualitative analysis is shown for real MR images from healthy subjects and subjects with Alzheimer’s disease and structural deformity, i.e., cavernoma.