Current Advances of Nitric Oxide in Cancer and Anticancer Therapeutics

Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived, ubiquitous signaling molecule that affects numerous critical functions in the body. There are markedly conflicting findings in the literature regarding the bimodal effects of NO in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which has important consequences for treatmen...

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Published inVaccines (Basel) Vol. 9; no. 2; p. 94
Main Authors Mintz, Joel, Vedenko, Anastasia, Rosete, Omar, Shah, Khushi, Goldstein, Gabriella, Hare, Joshua M, Ramasamy, Ranjith, Arora, Himanshu
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 27.01.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Cancer
Carcinogenesis
Carcinogens
castration
checkpoint inhibitors
Guanylate cyclase
Immunomodulation
Immunomodulators
immunotherapy
Kinases
Molecular interactions
Nitrates
Nitric oxide
Oxidation
Phosphodiesterase
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
prostate cancer
Review
Signal transduction
Tumor microenvironment
Tumors
nitric oxide
prostate cancer
castration
checkpoint inhibitors
immunotherapy
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Summary:Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived, ubiquitous signaling molecule that affects numerous critical functions in the body. There are markedly conflicting findings in the literature regarding the bimodal effects of NO in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which has important consequences for treatment. Several preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that both pro- and antitumorigenic effects of NO depend on multiple aspects, including, but not limited to, tissue of generation, the level of production, the oxidative/reductive (redox) environment in which this radical is generated, the presence or absence of NO transduction elements, and the tumor microenvironment. Generally, there are four major categories of NO-based anticancer therapies: NO donors, phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-i), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activators, and immunomodulators. Of these, NO donors are well studied, well characterized, and also the most promising. In this study, we review the current knowledge in this area, with an emphasis placed on the role of NO as an anticancer therapy and dysregulated molecular interactions during the evolution of cancer, highlighting the strategies that may aid in the targeting of cancer.
Bibliography:These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:2076-393X
2076-393X
DOI:10.3390/vaccines9020094