The geographical variation in grassland forage quality on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is driven mainly by climate

• Published in: Ecological processes Vol. 14; no. 1; p. 12
• Main Authors: Wu, Shulan, Lü, Xiaotao, Liu, Qinghua, Wuda, Erke, Li, Liu, Zhao, Chunzhang, Huang, Juanjuan, Li, Shuang, Hu, Youbang, Du, Wenzhi, Li, Hewen, Chen, Chaoqun, Luo, Lin, Raza, Ali, Yin, Chunying
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.12.2025; Springer Nature B.V; SpringerOpen
• Subjects: Alpine meadow; alpine meadows; altitude; Body condition; botanical composition; Carbohydrates; China; Climate; Community composition; Composition; Crude protein; Earth and Environmental Science; Environment; Forage; Forb-dominated grassland; forbs; geographical variation; Geographical variations; Grassland management; Grasslands; latitude; Livestock; livestock productivity; longitude; Non-fiber carbohydrates; nutritive value; Plant communities; Plants; Plateaus; Regional variations; Relative feed value; Soil; Soil conditions; Soil properties; Sustainable development; Tibetan Plateau; China; Forb-dominated grassland; Crude protein; Relative feed value; Soil properties; Non-fiber carbohydrates; Alpine meadow
• ISSN: 2192-1709; 2192-1709
• DOI: 10.1186/s13717-025-00583-3

Background Forage quality is a fundamental determinant for livestock productivity in natural grasslands, and is sensitive to the variations in climate, soil, and plant community composition. However, the contributions of those factors to the regional variation of forage quality largely remain unclear. We examined forage quality of 45 alpine meadow communities over a 23.6 × 10 4 km 2 area on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. We also examined the variations and drivers of multiple forage quality indicators across regional scale. Results The results showed that the natural grasslands in this region had high crude protein and non-fiber carbohydrates content, and relative feed value, but low-fat content. Forage quality of forb-dominated grasslands was higher than grass- and sedge-dominated ones. There were substantial geographical variations of forage quality, which decreased with increasing longitude, and increased with increasing latitude and altitude. Climate and plant community composition directly controlled the geographical patterns of forage quality. Climate had larger contribution to forage quality than soil and plant community composition. Less sedge and more forb in community resulted in higher forage quality. Forage quality was higher in sites with colder, drier and more variable climate. Soil conditions indirectly affected forage quality by mediating the plant community composition. Conclusions This study highlights the role of climate in driving the variation of forage quality in the alpine grasslands. The findings could provide scientific supports for grassland management and sustainable development on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.