Lactic acid as an invaluable green solvent for ultrasound-assisted scalable synthesis of pyrrole derivatives

• Published in: Ultrasonics sonochemistry Vol. 26; pp. 81 - 86
• Main Authors: Wang, Shi-Fan, Guo, Chao-Lun, Cui, Ke-ke, Zhu, Yan-Ting, Ding, Jun-Xiong, Zou, Xin-Yue, Li, Yi-Hang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: AMSTERDAM Elsevier B.V 01.09.2015; Elsevier
• Subjects: Acoustics; Bio-based solvent; Chemistry; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Green Chemistry Technology - methods; Lactic acid; Lactic Acid - chemistry; Physical Sciences; Pyrrole derivative; Pyrroles - chemical synthesis; Pyrroles - chemistry; Scalable Knorr condensation; Science & Technology; Solvents - chemistry; Technology; Ultrasonic radiation; Ultrasonic Waves; Ultrasonic radiation; Lactic acid; Pyrrole derivative; Bio-based solvent; Scalable Knorr condensation; ONE-POT; N-SUBSTITUTED PYRROLES; CATALYST; IRRADIATION; 4-COMPONENT SYNTHESIS; SULFATE; CHEMISTRY; IONIC LIQUIDS; EFFICIENT
• ISSN: 1350-4177; 1873-2828; 1873-2828
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.01.002

Lactic acid has been used as a bio-based green solvent to study the ultrasound-assisted scale-up synthesis. We report here, for the first time, on the novel and scalable process for synthesis of pyrrole derivatives in lactic acid solvent under ultrasonic radiation. Eighteen pyrrole derivatives have been synthesized in lactic acid solvent under ultrasonic radiation and characterized by 1H NMR, IR, ESI MS. The results show, under ultrasonic radiation, lactic acid solvent can overcome the scale-up challenges and exhibited many advantages, such as bio-based origin, shorter reaction time, lower volatility, higher yields, and ease of isolating the products.