Oxidative DNA damage in disease-Insights gained from base excision repair glycosylase-deficient mouse models

• Published in: Environmental and molecular mutagenesis Vol. 55; no. 9; pp. 689 - 703
• Main Author: Sampath, Harini
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.12.2014; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Animal models; Animals; base-excision repair; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Disease Models, Animal; DNA; DNA Glycosylases - genetics; DNA Glycosylases - metabolism; DNA Repair; Humans; Inflammation - genetics; Inflammation - metabolism; Metabolic Diseases - genetics; Metabolic Diseases - metabolism; Metabolic disorders; Mice, Transgenic; mouse models; MUTY; NEIL1; Neoplasms - genetics; Neoplasms - metabolism; Neurodegenerative Diseases - genetics; Neurodegenerative Diseases - metabolism; NTH1; Nucleic acids; Obesity - genetics; Obesity - metabolism; OGG1; oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - genetics; mouse models; base-excision repair; OGG1; MUTY; NTH1; NEIL1; oxidative stress
• ISSN: 0893-6692; 1098-2280; 1098-2280
• DOI: 10.1002/em.21886

Cellular components, including nucleic acids, are subject to oxidative damage. If left unrepaired, this damage can lead to multiple adverse cellular outcomes, including increased mutagenesis and cell death. The major pathway for repair of oxidative base lesions is the base excision repair pathway, catalyzed by DNA glycosylases with overlapping but distinct substrate specificities. To understand the role of these glycosylases in the initiation and progression of disease, several transgenic mouse models have been generated to carry a targeted deletion or overexpression of one or more glycosylases. This review summarizes some of the major findings from transgenic animal models of altered DNA glycosylase expression, especially as they relate to pathologies ranging from metabolic disease and cancer to inflammation and neuronal health. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:689–703, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.