The humoral immune response and protective efficacy of vaccination with inactivated split and whole influenza virus vaccines in BALB/c mice

• Published in: Vaccine Vol. 24; no. 44; pp. 6585 - 6587
• Main Authors: Cox, Rebecca Jane, Hovden, Arnt-Ove, Brokstad, Karl Albert, Szyszko, Ewa, Madhun, Abdullah Sami, Haaheim, Lars Reinhardt
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 10.11.2006; Elsevier; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Animals; Antibodies, Viral - blood; Antibody Formation - drug effects; Antibody-Producing Cells - drug effects; Antibody-Producing Cells - immunology; Antigens; Applied microbiology; Biological and medical sciences; Cytokines; Cytotoxicity; Disease Models, Animal; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Immune response; Immune system; Immunization; Immunoglobulin G - biosynthesis; Immunoglobulin G - blood; Infections; Influenza; Influenza vaccine; Influenza Vaccines - administration & dosage; Influenza Vaccines - immunology; Influenza virus; Medical research; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microbiology; Miscellaneous; Mouse; Nose; Orthomyxoviridae - drug effects; Orthomyxoviridae - growth & development; Orthomyxoviridae - immunology; Orthomyxoviridae Infections - immunology; Orthomyxoviridae Infections - prevention & control; Pandemics; Split virus vaccine; Vaccines; Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies (general aspects); Vaccines, Inactivated - administration & dosage; Vaccines, Inactivated - immunology; Virology; Whole virus vaccine; Whole virus vaccine; Immune response; Mouse; Split virus vaccine; Influenza vaccine; Immunoprotection; Influenza C virus; Vaccination; Rodentia; Orthomyxoviridae; Vaccine; Infection; Virus; Influenzavirus C; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Efficiency; Viral disease; Influenza; Humoral immunity
• ISSN: 0264-410X; 1873-2518
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.040

Recently the urgency of developing a pandemic influenza vaccine has lead to the re-evaluation of the use of whole virus vaccine. We have compared the humoral immune response and the protective efficacy of whole and split influenza virus vaccines in mice. Whole virus vaccine was more immunogenic particularly after the first dose of vaccine, generally eliciting higher numbers of systemic antibody secreting cells and an earlier and higher neutralising antibody response. Immunisation with one dose of whole virus vaccine more effectively reduced viral shedding upon non-lethal homologous viral challenge, but two doses of split virus vaccine was most effective at limiting viral replication and this was correlated with high influenza specific serum IgG concentrations. The two vaccine formulations induced different T helper profiles particularly after one dose of vaccine; split virus vaccine induced a type 2 bias response, whereas whole virus vaccine elicited a dominant type 1 response.