Antibacterial performance of nanoscaled visible-light responsive platinum-containing titania photocatalyst in vitro and in vivo

• Published in: Biochimica et biophysica acta Vol. 1830; no. 6; pp. 3787 - 3795
• Main Authors: Tseng, Yao-Hsuan, Sun, Der-Shan, Wu, Wen-Shiang, Chan, Hao, Syue, Ming-Syuan, Ho, Han-Chen, Chang, Hsin-Hou
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.06.2013
• Subjects: absorption; adverse effects; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; antibacterial properties; bacteria; cytotoxicity; disinfectants; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; energy; lighting; Male; Mice; nanoparticles; nitrogen oxides; pathogens; photocatalysts; Photochemical Processes; Platinum - chemistry; Platinum - pharmacology; Platinum-containing TiO2; reactive oxygen species; soil; Staphylococcal Infections - drug therapy; Staphylococcus aureus - growth & development; Streptococcal Infections - drug therapy; Streptococcus pyogenes - growth & development; TiO2; Titanium - chemistry; Titanium - pharmacology; titanium dioxide; transmission electron microscopy; ultraviolet radiation; Ultraviolet Rays; Visible light responsive photocatalyst; water pollution; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Platinum-containing TiO2; Visible light responsive photocatalyst; TiO2
• ISSN: 0304-4165; 0006-3002; 1872-8006
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.03.022

Traditional antibacterial photocatalysts are primarily induced by ultraviolet light to elicit antibacterial reactive oxygen species. New generation visible-light responsive photocatalysts were discovered, offering greater opportunity to use photocatalysts as disinfectants in our living environment. Recently, we found that visible-light responsive platinum-containing titania (TiO2–Pt) exerted high performance antibacterial property against soil-borne pathogens even in soil highly contaminated water. However, its physical and photocatalytic properties, and the application in vivo have not been well-characterized. Transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrum and the removal rate of nitrogen oxides were therefore analyzed. The antibacterial performance under in vitro and in vivo conditions was evaluated. The apparent quantum efficiency for visible light illuminated TiO2–Pt is relatively higher than several other titania photocatalysts. The killing effect achieved approximately 2 log reductions of pathogenic bacteria in vitro. Illumination of injected TiO2–Pt successfully ameliorated the subcutaneous infection in mice. This is the first demonstration of in vivo antibacterial use of TiO2–Pt nanoparticles. When compared to nanoparticles of some other visible-light responsive photocatalysts, TiO2–Pt nanoparticles induced less adverse effects such as exacerbated platelet clearance and hepatic cytotoxicity in vivo. These findings suggest that the TiO2–Pt may have potential application on the development of an antibacterial material in both in vitro and in vivo settings. The TiO2–Pt nanoparticle is a visible-light responsive photocatalyst, which has superior apparent quantum efficiency and antibacterial activity, as compared with several commercially available and laboratory prepared photocatalysts. Antibacterial experiments in vitro indicated that the high performance of TiO2–Pt on the attenuation of pathogenic bacteria is contributed by two major effects: the killing and the reduction of resistance against phagocytes of the bacteria. A mouse model further demonstrated that skin penetrative visible light can trigger TiO2–Pt-mediated photocatalysis and thus ameliorate the subcutaneous Staphylococcus aureus infection in vivo. These findings suggest that TiO2–Pt may have potential application on the development of a high performance photocatalyst to be used in both in vitro and in vivo settings. [Display omitted] •Superior apparent quantum efficiency of TiO2–Pt than several titania photocatalysts•First demonstration of in vivo antibacterial use of TiO2–Pt nanoparticles (NPs)•Less adverse effect of TiO2–Pt to induce platelet and hepatic cytotoxicity in vivo