Loss of Polymorphic Restriction Fragments in Malignant Melanoma: Implications for Tumor Heterogeneity

• Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 82; no. 5; pp. 1470 - 1474
• Main Authors: Dracopoli, Nicholas C., Houghton, Alan N., Old, Lloyd J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 01.03.1985; National Acad Sciences
• Subjects: Alleles; B lymphocytes; Biological and medical sciences; Cell lines; Cell physiology; Cell transformation and carcinogenesis. Action of oncogenes and antioncogenes; Chromosomes; DNA Restriction Enzymes; DNA, Neoplasm - genetics; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Genetic loci; Genotypes; Heterozygote; Homozygote; Humans; Loss of heterozygosity; Melanoma; Melanoma - genetics; Molecular and cellular biology; Polymorphism, Genetic; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Somatic cells; Tumor cell line; Human; Carcinogenesis; Homozygozity; Somatic mutation; Heterogeneity; Etiology; Hemizygozity; DNA; Malignant melanoma; Deletion; Tumor; Genome; Tumor cell
• ISSN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.82.5.1470

Loss of genetic material at certain chromosomal sites is implicated in the etiology of retinoblastoma and Wilms tumor. Whether specific chromosomal deletions are associated with other types of human cancer needs to be explored. We have examined 24 melanoma cell lines, derived from 21 patients with nonfamilial malignant melanoma, for evidence of somatically induced hemizygosity or homozygosity. Twelve DNA probes, recognizing single-copy restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) determined by loci on 11 different chromosomes, were used to screen autologous combinations of melanoma cells and either B cells or fibroblasts. Loss of heterozygosity in melanoma cells was identified at 27 of 100 informative loci. These losses occurred at loci on 8 different chromosomes, and the frequency of loss at individual loci varied between 8% and 67%. We conclude that somatic mutations resulting in homozygosity or hemizygosity are common in melanoma and evidently not restricted to specific chromosomes.