Parameters of the mitral apparatus in patients with ischemic and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy

• Published in: Journal of International Medical Research Vol. 51; no. 12; p. 3000605231218645
• Main Authors: Presume, João, Paiva, Mariana S, Guerreiro, Sara, Ribeiras, Regina
• Format: Book Review Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London, England SAGE Publications 01.12.2023; Sage Publications Ltd; SAGE Publishing
• Subjects: Cardiomyopathy, Dilated - complications; Chordae Tendineae; Humans; Ischemia; Mitral Valve - diagnostic imaging; Mitral Valve Insufficiency - complications; Papillary Muscles - diagnostic imaging; Review; Mitral valve; ischemic cardiomyopathy; secondary mitral regurgitation; myocardial infarction; mitral valve insufficiency; non-ischemic cardiomyopathy; dilated cardiomyopathy
• ISSN: 0300-0605; 1473-2300
• DOI: 10.1177/03000605231218645

The mitral valve apparatus is a complex structure consisting of several coordinating components: the annulus, two leaflets, the chordae tendineae, and the papillary muscles. Due to the intricate interplay between the mitral valve and the left ventricle, a disease of the latter may influence the normal function of the former. As a consequence, valve insufficiency may arise despite the absence of organic valve disease. This is designated as functional or secondary mitral regurgitation, and it arises from a series of distortions to the valve components. This narrative review describes the normal anatomy and the pathophysiology behind the mitral valve changes in ischemic and non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathies. It also explains the value of a complete multiparametric assessment of this structure. Not only must an assessment include quantitative measures of regurgitation, but also various anatomical parameters from the mitral apparatus and left ventricle, since they carry prognostic value and are predictors of mitral valve repair success and durability.