Factors Affecting Incurred Pesticide Extraction in Cereals

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 28; no. 15; p. 5774
• Main Authors: Yuan, Xiu, Kim, Chang Jo, Jeong, Won Tae, Kyung, Kee Sung, Noh, Hyun Ho
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 31.07.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Agricultural production; Barley; cereal; Cereals; Chromatography; Crop yields; Crops; Efficiency; Fruits; incurred pesticide; Liquid chromatography; liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry; Mass spectrometry; milling; Particle size; Pesticides; QuEChERS; Rice; Scientific imaging; Vegetables; Wheat; South Korea; cereal; liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry; incurred pesticide; milling; QuEChERS
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155774

This study investigated the effect of milling on the yields of incurred residues extracted from cereals. Rice, wheat, barley, and oat were soaked in nine pesticides (acetamiprid, azoxystrobin, imidacloprid, ferimzone, etofenprox, tebufenozide, clothianidin, hexaconazole, and indoxacarb), dried, milled, and passed through sieves of various sizes. The quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry extracted and quantified the incurred pesticides, respectively. For rice and oat, the yields were higher for vortexed samples than for soaked samples. For rice, the yields improved as the extraction time increased from 1 to 5 min. The optimized method was validated based on the selectivity, limit of quantitation, linearity, accuracy, precision, and the matrix effect. For rice and barley, the average yields improved as the particle size decreased from <10 mesh to >60 mesh. For 40-60-mesh wheat and oat, all pesticides (except tebufenozide in oat) had the highest yields. For cereals, 0.5 min vortexing, 5 min extraction, and >40-mesh particle size should be used to optimize incurred pesticide extraction.