When cultural values meets professional values: a qualitative study of chinese nurses’ attitudes and experiences concerning death

• Published in: BMC palliative care Vol. 21; no. 1; pp. 1 - 181
• Main Authors: Tu, Jiong, Shen, Manxuan, Li, Ziying
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central Ltd 14.10.2022; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Aging; Attitudes; Beliefs, opinions and attitudes; China; Chinese culture; Cultural values; Culture; Data collection; Death; Death & dying; Dying; Ethics; Hospice care; Interviews; Medical personnel; Nurses; Nursing care; Nursing education; Nursing profession; Palliative care; Patients; Practice nursing; Public opinion; Qualitative research; Qualitative study; Respiration; Taboos; China
• ISSN: 1472-684X; 1472-684X
• DOI: 10.1186/s12904-022-01067-3

Abstract Background In China, there is a culture of death-avoidance and death-denying. Influenced by this distinctive socio-cultural views surrounding death, nurses often find it challenging to handle death and care for dying patients. This study explores the nurses’ attitudes and coping strategies concerning death and caring for dying patients in a cultural context of death taboo. Methods This research is a qualitative study that employs in-depth, semi-structured interviews with nurses from two major hospitals in Guangzhou, China. Overall, 28 nurses from four departments with high patient death rate were recruited and interviewed. All of the interviews were analyzed thematically. Results The nurses who participated in this study expressed attitudes toward death and caring for dying patients from both a personal dimension and a professional dimension. The personal dimension is influenced by traditional culture and societal attitudes towards death and dying, while their professional dimension is congruent with the nursing and palliative care values concerning death and dying. With an obvious discrepancy between these two dimensions, Chinese nurses adopt three strategies in their practice to solve this tension: boundary-drawing to separate their personal and professional life, complying with the existing cultural values at work, and constructing positive meanings for end-of-life care. Conclusion In a society that traditionally avoids making any reference to death, it is useful to reduce cultural taboo and construct positive meanings in end-of-life care, death education and the development of palliative care. Meanwhile, nurses also need institutional support, education and training to transition smoothly from a novice to a mature professional when handling patient death.