DNA Methylation and Demethylation in Mammals
Cell type-specific DNA methylation patterns are established during mammalian development and maintained in adult somatic cells. Understanding how these patterns of 5-methylcytosine are established and maintained requires the elucidation of mechanisms for both DNA methylation and demethylation. The e...
Saved in:
Published in | The Journal of biological chemistry Vol. 286; no. 21; pp. 18347 - 18353 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
Elsevier Inc
27.05.2011
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Summary: | Cell type-specific DNA methylation patterns are established during mammalian development and maintained in adult somatic cells. Understanding how these patterns of 5-methylcytosine are established and maintained requires the elucidation of mechanisms for both DNA methylation and demethylation. The enzymes involved in the de novo methylation of DNA and the maintenance of the resulting methylation patterns have been fairly well characterized. However, important remaining challenges are to understand how DNA methylation systems function in vivo and in the context of chromatin. In addition, the enzymes and mechanisms for demethylation remain to be elucidated. There is still no consensus as to how active enzymatic demethylation is achieved in mammalian cells, but recent studies implicate base excision repair for genome-wide DNA demethylation in germ cells and early embryos. |
---|---|
Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 |
ISSN: | 0021-9258 1083-351X |
DOI: | 10.1074/jbc.R110.205286 |