Waste Mismanagement in Developing Countries: A Review of Global Issues

• Published in: International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 16; no. 6; p. 1060
• Main Authors: Ferronato, Navarro, Torretta, Vincenzo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 24.03.2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Air pollution; Burning; Carbon dioxide; Climate change; Contaminants; Contamination; Developing Countries; Dump leaching; Environmental Pollution; Environmental risk; Global warming; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Hazardous Waste; Health risk assessment; Health risks; Heavy metals; Humans; Incineration; Industrial wastes; Inflow; Informal economy; Informal Sector; Internationality; LDCs; Leachates; Marine debris; Marine pollution; Medical wastes; Open burning; Particulate matter; Pollutants; Pollution; Public health; Recycling; Recycling - methods; Review; Sediment pollution; Soil contamination; Soil pollution; Soil water; Soils; Solid Waste - analysis; Sustainable development; Waste disposal; Waste Management - methods; Waste management industry; Water pollution; informal recycling; sustainable development; risk assessment; open burning; environmental contamination; solid waste management; hazardous waste; sustainability; open dumping; public health
• ISSN: 1660-4601; 1661-7827; 1660-4601
• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16061060

Environmental contamination due to solid waste mismanagement is a global issue. Open dumping and open burning are the main implemented waste treatment and final disposal systems, mainly visible in low-income countries. This paper reviews the main impacts due to waste mismanagement in developing countries, focusing on environmental contamination and social issues. The activity of the informal sector in developing cities was also reviewed, focusing on the main health risks due to waste scavenging. Results reported that the environmental impacts are pervasive worldwide: marine litter, air, soil and water contamination, and the direct interaction of waste pickers with hazardous waste are the most important issues. Many reviews were published in the scientific literature about specific waste streams, in order to quantify its effect on the environment. This narrative literature review assessed global issues due to different waste fractions showing how several sources of pollution are affecting the environment, population health, and sustainable development. The results and case studies presented can be of reference for scholars and stakeholders for quantifying the comprehensive impacts and for planning integrated solid waste collection and treatment systems, for improving sustainability at a global level.