Chest CT imaging features of COVID-19 and its correlation with the PaO2/FiO2 ratio: a multicenter study in Upper Egypt

• Published in: Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Vol. 51; no. 1; pp. 252 - 9
• Main Authors: Attia, Noha M., Othman, Moustafa H. M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 08.12.2020; Springer Nature B.V; SpringerOpen
• Subjects: Asymptomatic; Chest CT; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Demography; Disease transmission; Dyspnea; Fever; Headaches; Imaging; Infections; Lymphatic system; Males; Medical imaging; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Morphology; Nuclear Medicine; PaO2/FiO2 ratio; Patients; Radiology; Severity score; Statistical analysis; COVID-19; Chest CT; Severity score; FiO; PaO; ratio
• ISSN: 0378-603X; 2090-4762
• DOI: 10.1186/s43055-020-00373-1

Background The main challenge in managing COVID-19 pandemic is containment of the infection by early detection of the disease and wide dissemination of diagnostic tests with high sensitivity and specificity. Various imaging features were identified by chest CT with different patterns from early disease to diffuse disease with complications. However, CT cannot be performed for all patients. The arterial oxygen partial pressure/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO 2 /FiO 2 ) ratio is evaluated as a rapid and widely available test for the preliminary assessment of disease severity. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and chest CT imaging features of COVID-19 in Egyptian patients as well as assess the correlation between the chest CT total severity score and the PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio to determine its value for preliminary assessment of disease severity. Results The most common symptoms were fever (83.2%), dry cough (77%), malaise (68.8%), prolonged headaches (48.5%), and dyspnea (37.6%). CT was positive in 79.2% of the patients. The CT features at presentation were ground-glass opacities only (40%), ground-glass opacities with consolidation (34.4%), and consolidation only (25.6%). Associated findings included crazy paving (17.5%), interlobular septal thickening (47.5%), air bronchogram (15%), bronchiectasis (12.8%), fibrous bands (8.1%), vascular enlargement within the lesion (45.6%), nodules (6.8%), pericardial thickening (5%), and pleural thickening (24.7%). The lesions were typically multilobar (50.5%), posterior (58.1%) with peripheral and central distribution (41.9%). Moderate negative correlation was observed between the CT total lung severity score and PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio with r = − 0.42 and P < 0.001. Conclusion The most common pattern of COVID-19 pneumonia in multiple quarantine hospitals was peripheral and central ground-glass opacities with bilateral multilobe posterior involvement and fever was the most common symptom. PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio has a moderate negative correlation with the CT total severity score and thus can be used in the preliminary assessment of disease severity.