Metabolic syndrome update

• Published in: Trends in cardiovascular medicine Vol. 26; no. 4; pp. 364 - 373
• Main Author: Grundy, Scott M., MD, PhD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.05.2016; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Atherosclerosis - diagnosis; Atherosclerosis - epidemiology; Atherosclerosis - therapy; Bariatric Surgery; Cardiovascular; Cardiovascular Agents - therapeutic use; Diabetes; Dyslipidemia; Dyslipidemias - diagnosis; Dyslipidemias - epidemiology; Dyslipidemias - therapy; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hyperglycemia - diagnosis; Hyperglycemia - epidemiology; Hyperglycemia - therapy; Hypertension; Hypertension - diagnosis; Hypertension - epidemiology; Hypertension - therapy; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use; Hypolipidemic Agents - therapeutic use; Insulin resistance; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - diagnosis; Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology; Metabolic Syndrome - therapy; Nutrition; Obesity; Obesity - diagnosis; Obesity - epidemiology; Obesity - therapy; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction Behavior; Treatment Outcome; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; metabolic syndrome; nutrition; dyslipidemia; diabetes; hypertension; obesity; Hypertension; Obesity; Diabetes; Nutrition; Metabolic syndrome; Dyslipidemia
• ISSN: 1050-1738; 1873-2615
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2015.10.004

Abstract The metabolic syndrome is a multiplex risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. It is composed of atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance and elevated glucose, a pro-thrombotic state, and a pro-inflammatory state. Excess energy intake and concomitant obesity are the major drivers of the syndrome. Lifestyle intervention can reverse metabolic risk factors, but at times, drug therapies or bariatric surgery may be required to control more overt risk factors.