An Update on Clostridioides difficile Binary Toxin

Infection with (CDI), a common healthcare-associated infection, includes symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe cases of pseudomembranous colitis. Toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB) cause cytotoxicity and cellular detachment from intestinal epithelium and are responsible for CDI symptomatology...

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Published inToxins Vol. 14; no. 5; p. 305
Main Authors Martínez-Meléndez, Adrián, Cruz-López, Flora, Morfin-Otero, Rayo, Maldonado-Garza, Héctor J, Garza-González, Elvira
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 27.04.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Amino acids
Animals
binary toxin
Binding sites
Clostridioides difficile
Colitis
Cytotoxicity
Diarrhea
Epidemiology
Epithelium
Gene expression
hypervirulent strains
Infections
Inflammation
Lipids
Polymerization
Proteins
Pseudomembranous colitis
Review
Toxicity
Toxin A
Toxin B
Toxins
epidemiology
Clostridioides difficile
hypervirulent strains
binary toxin
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Summary:Infection with (CDI), a common healthcare-associated infection, includes symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe cases of pseudomembranous colitis. Toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB) cause cytotoxicity and cellular detachment from intestinal epithelium and are responsible for CDI symptomatology. Approximately 20% of strains produce a binary toxin (CDT) encoded by the and genes, which is thought to enhance TcdA and TcdB toxicity; however, the role of CDT in CDI remains controversial. Here, we focused on describing the main features of CDT and its impact on the host, clinical relevance, epidemiology, and potential therapeutic approaches.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
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ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins14050305