Trichothecenes in Cereal Grains - An Update

• Published in: Toxins Vol. 11; no. 11; p. 634
• Main Authors: Foroud, Nora A, Baines, Danica, Gagkaeva, Tatiana Y, Thakor, Nehal, Badea, Ana, Steiner, Barbara, Bürstmayr, Maria, Bürstmayr, Hermann
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 31.10.2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Asexuality; barley; Blight; Breeding; Cereals; Contamination; deoxynivalenol; Detoxification; Epidemics; Feeds; Food contamination & poisoning; Fungi; Fusarium; Fusarium head blight; fusarium head blight (fhb); Genetics; Grain; Grain crops; Health risks; Livestock; Molecular modelling; Mycotoxins; Phylogenetics; Plant diseases; Protein biosynthesis; Protein synthesis; resistance; Review; Reviews; Rural areas; t-2 toxin; Toxicity; Toxins; Trichothecenes; wheat; deoxynivalenol; Fusarium; T-2 toxin; barley; wheat; Fusarium head blight (FHB); resistance
• ISSN: 2072-6651; 2072-6651
• DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110634

Trichothecenes are sesquiterpenoid mycotoxins produced by fungi from the order Hypocreales, including members of the genus that infect cereal grain crops. Different trichothecene-producing species and strains have different trichothecene chemotypes belonging to the Type A and B class. These fungi cause a disease of small grain cereals, called Fusarium head blight, and their toxins contaminate host tissues. As potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis, trichothecenes pose a health risk to human and animal consumers of infected cereal grains. In 2009, Foroud and Eudes published a review of trichothecenes in cereal grains for human consumption. As an update to this review, the work herein provides a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary review of the trichothecenes covering topics in chemistry and biochemistry, pathogen biology, trichothecene toxicity, molecular mechanisms of resistance or detoxification, genetics of resistance and breeding strategies to reduce their contamination of wheat and barley.