Skewed X Chromosome Inactivation and Female Preponderance in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: An Association Study and Meta-Analysis
Context: A number of small data sets have suggested a potential role for skewed X chromosome activation (XCI), away from the expected 50:50 parent of origin ratio, as an explanation for the strong female preponderance seen in the common autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), Graves' disease (GD),...
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Published in | The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Vol. 99; no. 1; pp. E127 - E131 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
Endocrine Society
01.01.2014
Copyright by The Endocrine Society |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Context:
A number of small data sets have suggested a potential role for skewed X chromosome activation (XCI), away from the expected 50:50 parent of origin ratio, as an explanation for the strong female preponderance seen in the common autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), Graves' disease (GD), and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).
Objective:
The objective of the study was to confirm a role for XCI skewing as a potential explanation for the strong female preponderance seen in AITD.
Design:
The design of the study was to screen XCI in the largest GD, HT, and control case-control cohort and family cohort to date and undertake a meta-analysis of previous AITD XCI reports.
Setting:
The study was conducted at a research laboratory.
Patients:
Three hundred and nine GD, 490 HT, and 325 female UK Caucasians controls, 273 UK Caucasian GD families, and a meta-analysis of 454 GD, 673 HT, and 643 female Caucasian controls were included in the study.
Main Outcome Measures:
Case-control and family-based association studies and meta-analysis were measured.
Results:
Skewed XCI was observed with GD [odds ratio (OR) 2.17 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43–3.30], P = 2.1 × 10−4] and a trend toward skewing with HT (P = .08) compared with the control cohort. A meta-analysis of our UK data and that of four previous non-UK Caucasian studies confirmed significant skewing of XCI with GD [OR 2.54 (95% CI 1.58–4.10), P = 1.0 × 10−4, I2 = 30.2%] and HT [OR 2.40 (95% CI 1.10–5.26), P = .03, I2 = 74.3%].
Conclusions:
Convincing evidence exists to support a role for skewed XCI in female subjects with AITD, which may, in part, explain the strong female preponderance observed in this disease. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 0021-972X 1945-7197 |
DOI: | 10.1210/jc.2013-2667 |