Water Quality Effects of Clearcut Harvesting and Forest Fertilization with Best Management Practices

• Published in: Journal of environmental quality Vol. 37; no. 1; pp. 114 - 124
• Main Authors: McBroom, M.W, Beasley, R.S, Chang, M, Ice, G.G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Madison American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society 01.01.2008; American Society of Agronomy
• Subjects: Ammonia - analysis; ammonium nitrogen; Best management practices; Clearcutting; Coastal plains; Colleges & universities; Environmental Monitoring; fertilizer application; Fertilizers; Forest management; forest soils; forested watersheds; Forestry - methods; Herbicides; nitrate nitrogen; Nitrates - analysis; Nitrogen; Nitrogen - analysis; Nutrient loss; nutrients; Phosphates - analysis; phosphorus; Phosphorus - analysis; Rain; Research methodology; Rivers - chemistry; Runoff; Silvicultural practices; streams; Studies; subsoiling; Surface water; Texas; Water Movements; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; water pollution; Water Pollution - analysis; Water quality; Water Supply; Watersheds; Wood products; Texas; USA, Texas
• ISSN: 0047-2425; 1537-2537; 1537-2537
• DOI: 10.2134/jeq2006.0552

Nine small (2.5 ha) and four large (70-135 ha) watersheds were instrumented in 1999 to evaluate the effects of silvicultural practices with application of best management practices (BMPs) on stream water quality in East Texas, USA. Two management regimes were implemented in 2002: (i) conventional, with clearcutting, herbicide site preparation, and BMPs and (ii) intensive, which added subsoiling, aerial broadcast fertilization, and an additional herbicide application. Watershed effects were compared with results from a study on the same small watersheds in 1981, in which two combinations of harvesting and mechanical site preparation without BMPs or fertilization were evaluated. Clearcutting with conventional site preparation resulted in increased nitrogen losses on the small watersheds by about 1 additional kg ha-1 each of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3(-)N) in 2003. First-year losses were not significantly increased on the large watershed with a conventional site preparation with BMPs. Fertilization resulted in increased runoff losses in 2003 on the intensive small watersheds by an additional 0.77, 2.33, and 0.36 kg ha-1 for NO3(-)N, TKN, and total phosphorus, respectively. Total loss rates of ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) and NO3(-)N were low overall and accounted for only 7% of the applied N. Mean loss rates from treated watersheds were much lower than rainfall inputs of about 5 kg ha-1 TKN and NO3(-)N in 2003. Aerial fertilization of the 5-yr-old stand on another large watershed did not increase nutrient losses. Intensive silvicultural practices with BMPs did not significantly impair surface water quality with N and P.