Efficacy of Systemic Chemotherapy Plus Radical Nephroureterectomy for Metastatic Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

• Published in: European urology Vol. 71; no. 5; pp. 714 - 718
• Main Authors: Seisen, Thomas, Jindal, Tarun, Karabon, Patrick, Sood, Akshay, Bellmunt, Joaquim, Rouprêt, Morgan, Leow, Jeffrey J, Vetterlein, Malte W, Sun, Maxine, Alanee, Shaheen, Choueiri, Toni K, Trinh, Quoc-Dien, Menon, Mani, Abdollah, Firas
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Elsevier B.V 01.05.2017
• Subjects: Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - therapeutic use; Bone Neoplasms - secondary; Bone Neoplasms - therapy; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell - secondary; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell - therapy; Case-Control Studies; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug therapy; Female; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Kidney Neoplasms - pathology; Kidney Neoplasms - therapy; Logistic Models; Lymph Nodes - pathology; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nephroureterectomy - methods; Propensity score; Proportional Hazards Models; Renal pelvis; Survival; Ureter; Ureteral neoplasms; Ureteral Neoplasms - pathology; Ureteral Neoplasms - therapy; Urology; Urothelial carcinoma; Ureteral neoplasms; Propensity score; Renal pelvis; Ureter; Urothelial carcinoma; Drug therapy; Survival
• ISSN: 0302-2838; 1873-7560
• DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.11.012

Abstract Given the growing body of evidence supporting the benefit of primary tumor control for a wide range of metastatic malignancies, we hypothesized that chemotherapy plus radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) is associated with an overall survival (OS) benefit compared to chemotherapy alone for metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma (mUTUC). Within the National Cancer Data Base (2004–2012), we identified 398 (38.4%) and 637 (61.6%) patients who received chemotherapy plus RNU and chemotherapy alone, respectively. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)-adjusted Kaplan-Meier curves showed that 3-yr OS was 16.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.1–20.3) for chemotherapy plus RNU and 6.4% (95%CI 4.1–8.7) for chemotherapy alone ( p < 0.001). In IPTW-adjusted Cox regression analysis, chemotherapy plus RNU was associated with a significant OS benefit (hazard ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.61–0.80; p < 0.001). Despite the usual biases related to the observational study design, our findings show a net OS benefit for fit patients who received chemotherapy plus RNU for mUTUC relative to their counterparts treated with chemotherapy alone. Patient summary We examined the role of radical nephroureterectomy in addition to systemic chemotherapy for metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma. We found that such treatment may be associated with an overall survival benefit compared to chemotherapy alone in fit patients.