Discovery of true electrochemical reactions for ultrahigh catalyst mass activity in water splitting

• Published in: Science advances Vol. 2; no. 11; p. e1600690
• Main Authors: Mo, Jingke, Kang, Zhenye, Retterer, Scott T, Cullen, David A, Toops, Todd J, Green, Jr, Johney B, Mench, Matthew M, Zhang, Feng-Yuan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States AAAS 01.11.2016; American Association for the Advancement of Science
• Subjects: 08 HYDROGEN; catalyst deposition; catalyst mass activity; Electrical Engineering; electrochemical reactions; electrolyzer; high-speed visualization; hydrogen; INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; MATERIALS SCIENCE; microscale reaction; SciAdv r-articles; transparent proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cell; water splitting; well-tunable liquid/gas diffusion layers; catalyst deposition; Electrochemical reactions; high-speed visualization; transparent proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cell; water splitting; microscale reaction; catalyst mass activity; electrolyzer; hydrogen; well-tunable liquid/gas diffusion layers
• ISSN: 2375-2548; 2375-2548
• DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600690

Better understanding of true electrochemical reaction behaviors in electrochemical energy devices has long been desired. It has been assumed so far that the reactions occur across the entire catalyst layer (CL), which is designed and fabricated uniformly with catalysts, conductors of protons and electrons, and pathways for reactants and products. By introducing a state-of-the-art characterization system, a thin, highly tunable liquid/gas diffusion layer (LGDL), and an innovative design of electrochemical proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells (PEMECs), the electrochemical reactions on both microspatial and microtemporal scales are revealed for the first time. Surprisingly, reactions occur only on the CL adjacent to good electrical conductors. On the basis of these findings, new CL fabrications on the novel LGDLs exhibit more than 50 times higher mass activity than conventional catalyst-coated membranes in PEMECs. This discovery presents an opportunity to enhance the multiphase interfacial effects, maximizing the use of the catalysts and significantly reducing the cost of these devices.