Leukocyte-Derived Microparticles as Proinflammatory Mediators in Atherosclerosis

• Published in: Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 62; no. 16; pp. 1442 - 1445
• Main Authors: Wang, Jian-Guo, PhD, Aikawa, Elena, MD, PhD, Aikawa, Masanori, MD, PhD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 15.10.2013; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Blood platelets; Calcification; Cardiology; Cardiovascular; Carotid Stenosis - blood; Cell-Derived Microparticles - metabolism; Cholesterol; Endarterectomy, Carotid - methods; Female; Flow cytometry; high-grade carotid stenosis; Humans; Internal Medicine; leukocyte-derived microparticles; Leukocytes - metabolism; Ligands; Male; Metabolic disorders; Microscopy; Multivariate analysis; Nervous System Diseases - prevention & control; Plasma; Smooth muscle; Studies; Thrombosis; unstable plaque; atherosclerosis; high-grade carotid stenosis; leukocyte-derived microparticles; unstable plaque
• ISSN: 0735-1097; 1558-3597
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.054

According to a recent proposal for a consensus nomenclature by the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles, extracellular vesicles are classified into 3 biologically distinct entities based on the size and intracellular mechanisms: 1) ectosomes; 2) exosomes; and 3) apoptotic bodies (2). Furthermore, LMPs contain bioactive proteins such as interleukin 1β, CD40 ligand, major histocompatibility complex class I and II, and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, which induce leukocyte activation, endothelial cell proliferation, intraplaque neovascularization, and monocyte adhesion and migration (10-13). Another in vitro study demonstrated that activation of Toll-like receptors (e.g., TLR-3, TLR-4) induces MP release from mouse macrophages, mediated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (24).