Exploration of metastability and hidden phases in correlated electron crystals visualized by femtosecond optical doping and electron crystallography

• Published in: Science advances Vol. 1; no. 5; p. e1400173
• Main Authors: Han, Tzong-Ru T, Zhou, Faran, Malliakas, Christos D, Duxbury, Phillip M, Mahanti, Subhendra D, Kanatzidis, Mercouri G, Ruan, Chong-Yu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States AAAS 01.06.2015; American Association for the Advancement of Science
• Subjects: Condensed Matter Physics; CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; SciAdv r-articles; Science & Technology - Other Topics; femtosecond electron crystallography; optical doping; transition-metal dichalcogenide; Phase Transition; charge-density waves; strongly correlated electron systems
• ISSN: 2375-2548; 2375-2548
• DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1400173

Characterizing and understanding the emergence of multiple macroscopically ordered electronic phases through subtle tuning of temperature, pressure, and chemical doping has been a long-standing central issue for complex materials research. We report the first comprehensive studies of optical doping-induced emergence of stable phases and metastable hidden phases visualized in situ by femtosecond electron crystallography. The electronic phase transitions are triggered by femtosecond infrared pulses, and a temperature-optical density phase diagram is constructed and substantiated with the dynamics of metastable states, highlighting the cooperation and competition through which the macroscopic quantum orders emerge. These results elucidate key pathways of femtosecond electronic switching phenomena and provide an important new avenue to comprehensively investigate optical doping-induced transition states and phase diagrams of complex materials with wide-ranging applications.