BCL-2 proteins and apoptosis: Recent insights and unknowns

• Published in: Biochemical and biophysical research communications Vol. 500; no. 1; pp. 26 - 34
• Main Author: Edlich, Frank
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 27.05.2018
• Subjects: 60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES; APOPTOSIS; B-lymphocytes; BCL-2 proteins; BH3-only proteins; caspases; cytosol; death; LYMPHOMAS; MITOCHONDRIA; Mitochondrial apoptosis; mitochondrial membrane; neoplasms; proteins; Retrotranslocation; therapeutics; THERAPY; Mitochondrial apoptosis; Retrotranslocation; BH3-only proteins; BCL-2 proteins
• ISSN: 0006-291X; 1090-2104; 1090-2104
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.190

Proteins of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family control the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. The pro-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins BAX and BAK can commit a cell to its programmed death by permeabilizing the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and subsequent initiation of the caspase cascade. Therefore, the activities of BAX and BAK are precisely controlled by a complex network of proteins inside and outside the BCL-2 family. Cells survive by constant control of dynamic translocation and retrotranslocation of BAX and BAK to the mitochondria and back into the cytosol. Recent insights into BAX/BAK shuttling, BCL-2 protein interactions, the role of BH3-only proteins in apoptosis signaling and the active BAX complex set the stage for the development of novel strategies in cancer therapy and the analysis of cellular predisposition to apoptosis. •The pro-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins can commit cells to apoptosis.•BAX and BAK are regulated by dynamic shuttling between mitochondria and cytosol of healthy cells.•BH3-only proteins, regulators of BAX and BAK, are not required for BAX activation.•Recent super-resolution microscopy studies provide novel insights into the active BAX complex.