Non-invasive determination of uric acid in human saliva in the diagnosis of serious disorders

This review summarizes and critically evaluates the published approaches and recent trends in sample pre-treatment, as well as both separation and non-separation techniques used for the determination of uric acid (UA) in saliva. UA is the final product of purine nucleotide catabolism in humans. UA c...

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Published inClinical chemistry and laboratory medicine Vol. 59; no. 5; pp. 797 - 812
Main Authors Vernerová, Andrea, Kujovská Krčmová, Lenka, Melichar, Bohuslav, Švec, František
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Germany De Gruyter 27.04.2021
Walter De Gruyter & Company
Subjects
Alzheimer's disease
bioanalysis
Biomarkers
biosensors
Catabolism
Cognitive ability
Correlation analysis
Diagnosis
Disorders
Gout
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Hypertension
Hyperuricemia
Hyperuricemia - diagnosis
liquid chromatography
Multiple sclerosis
Neurodegenerative diseases
Nucleotides
Oxidative stress
Pretreatment
Rheumatism
Saliva
Separation
Separation techniques
Uric acid
Uric Acid - analysis
saliva
liquid chromatography
biosensors
bioanalysis
uric acid
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Summary:This review summarizes and critically evaluates the published approaches and recent trends in sample pre-treatment, as well as both separation and non-separation techniques used for the determination of uric acid (UA) in saliva. UA is the final product of purine nucleotide catabolism in humans. UA concentrations in biological fluids such as serum, plasma, and urine represent an important biomarker of diseases including gout, hyperuricemia, or disorders associated with oxidative stress. Previous studies reported correlation between UA concentrations detected in saliva and in the blood. The interest in UA has been increasing during the past 20 years from a single publication in 2000 to 34 papers in 2019 according to MEDLINE search using term “uric acid in saliva”. The evaluation of salivary UA levels can contribute to non-invasive diagnosis of many serious diseases. Increased salivary UA concentration is associated with cancer, HIV, gout, and hypertension. In contrast, low UA levels are associated with Alzheimer disease, progression of multiple sclerosis, and mild cognitive impairment.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
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ISSN:1434-6621
1437-4331
DOI:10.1515/cclm-2020-1533