Tumor recurrence criteria for postoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography after surgical treatment of oral cancer and flap repair

• Published in: Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology and endodontics Vol. 90; no. 3; pp. 369 - 376
• Main Authors: Chikui, Toru, Yuasa, Kenji, Inagaki, Masafumi, Ohishi, Masamichi, Shirasuna, Kanemitsu, Kanda, Shigenobu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: St. Louis, MO Mosby, Inc 01.09.2000; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adipose Tissue - diagnostic imaging; Adult; Aged; Biological and medical sciences; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - diagnostic imaging; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - surgery; Dentistry; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Head and neck surgery. Maxillofacial surgery. Dental surgery. Orthodontics; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging; Mouth Neoplasms - surgery; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local - diagnostic imaging; Otorhinolaryngology (head neck, general aspects and miscellaneous); Otorhinolaryngology. Stomatology; Postoperative Period; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases; Surgery of the upper aerodigestive tract; Surgical Flaps; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tumors; Human; Squamous cell carcinoma; Relapse; Adipose tissue; Radiodiagnosis; Exploration; Anatomical reconstruction; Malignant tumor; Pectoralis major muscle; Differential diagnostic; Oral cavity; Forearm; Surgery; Head and neck; Medical imagery; ENT disease; Adult; Musculocutaneous flap; Soft tissue; Computerized axial tomography; Diagnosis; Technique; Comparative study
• ISSN: 1079-2104; 1528-395X
• DOI: 10.1067/moe.2000.107355

Objective: To characterize the computed tomography (CT) findings that distinguish cancer recurrence from postoperative changes that mimic such recurrence. Study Design: We evaluated a total of 72 CT scans from 32 patients who had undergone surgery with either pectoralis major myocutaneous flap or forearm flap. The observers evaluated the presence and pattern of enhancement, the presence of low density areas, and changes in the adipose tissue of the flap. Results: A persistent zone of high attenuation over 6 months suggested the high possibility of recurrence. However, an enhancement within 6 months occurred both with the recurrent tumor and with postoperative tissue. In the patients with recurrence (n = 12), the enhanced areas were focal (n = 8) or diffuse (n = 4). Focal-type recurrence often occurred at the posterior margin. The presence of low-density areas and changes in the adipose tissue in the flap are also helpful for detecting recurrence. Conclusions: The combination of several features seen on CT images can be useful in differentiating tumor recurrence from postoperative tissue changes. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;90:369-76)