Incidence of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Associated Opportunistic Diseases and the Effect of Treatment on a Cohort of 1115 Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus, 1989–1997

• Published in: Clinical infectious diseases Vol. 36; no. 9; pp. 1177 - 1185
• Main Authors: San-Andrés, Francisco-Javier, Rubio, Rafael, Castilla, Jesús, Pulido, Federico, Palao, Guillermo, de Pedro, Inmaculada, Costa, José-Ramón, del Palacio, Angel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chicago, IL The University of Chicago Press 01.05.2003; University of Chicago Press
• Subjects: AIDS; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections - epidemiology; Anti-HIV Agents - therapeutic use; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Antiretrovirals; Biological and medical sciences; Chemoprevention; Cohort Studies; Cytomegalovirus; Disease risk; Epidemiology; Female; Guideline Adherence; HIV Infections - complications; HIV Infections - drug therapy; HIV/AIDS; Human viral diseases; Humans; Incidence; Infectious diseases; Leukoencephalopathies; Male; Medical sciences; Morbidity; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis - epidemiology; Preventive medicine; Tuberculosis; Viral diseases; Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids; Xeroderma pigmentosum; Human; Immunopathology; Lung disease; Opportunistic infection; Chemoprophylaxis; Pneumonia; Respiratory disease; Pneumocystis carinii; AIDS; Epidemiology; Immune deficiency; Incidence; Fungi; Infection; Drug compliance; Antifungal agent; Chemotherapy; Treatment; Viral disease; Risk factor; Antiviral; Complication; Fungi Imperfecti; Thallophyta
• ISSN: 1058-4838; 1537-6591
• DOI: 10.1086/374358

Temporal trends in the incidence of opportunistic diseases (ODs) related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were studied during 1989-1997 in 1115 outpatients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (331 of whom had AIDS) in a hospital in Madrid, Spain. We analyzed the effect of adherence to antiretroviral therapy and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis on the incidence of OD. Diseases that showed a significant decreasing trend were esophageal candidiasis, pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and cerebral toxoplasmosis. Patients who adhered to antiretroviral therapy had a smaller risk of OD. Patients who adhered to PCP prophylaxis had a reduced risk of cerebral toxoplasmosis and PCP. A reduction in the incidence of AIDS-related ODs was observed, mainly in patients who underwent prophylaxis. Adherence to antiretroviral treatment and PCP prophylaxis was associated with a reduction in the risk of disease.