Mechanisms of Receptor‐Mediated Nuclear Import and Nuclear Export

Nuclear transport of proteins and RNA occurs through the nuclear pore complex and is mediated by a superfamily of transport receptors known collectively as karyopherins. Karyopherins bind to their cargoes by recognition of specific nuclear localization signals or nuclear export signals. Transport th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inTraffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) Vol. 6; no. 3; pp. 187 - 198
Main Authors Pemberton, Lucy F., Paschal, Bryce M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.03.2005
Subjects
Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
Animals
Cell Nucleus - metabolism
exportin
Humans
importin
karyopherin
Karyopherins - physiology
Neoplasm Proteins - metabolism
nuclear export signal
nuclear localization signal
Nuclear Localization Signals - physiology
Nuclear Pore - physiology
Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins - physiology
nucleoporin
Protein Transport - physiology
ran GTP-Binding Protein - physiology
RanGTP
Receptors, Steroid - metabolism
RNA Transport - physiology
Signal Transduction
steroid hormone receptor
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Summary:Nuclear transport of proteins and RNA occurs through the nuclear pore complex and is mediated by a superfamily of transport receptors known collectively as karyopherins. Karyopherins bind to their cargoes by recognition of specific nuclear localization signals or nuclear export signals. Transport through the nuclear pore complex is facilitated by transient interactions between the karyopherins and the nuclear pore complex. The interactions of karyopherins with their cargoes are regulated by the Ras‐related GTPase Ran. Ran is assisted in this process by proteins that regulate its GTPase cycle and subcellular localization. In this review, we describe several of the major transport pathways that are conserved in higher and lower eukaryotes, with particular emphasis on the role of Ran. We highlight the latest advances in the structure and function of transport receptors and discuss recent examples of steroid hormone receptor import and regulation by signal transduction pathways. Understanding the molecular basis of nuclear transport may provide insight into human diseases by revealing how nucleocytoplasmic trafficking regulates protein activity.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
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ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:1398-9219
1600-0854
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0854.2005.00270.x