Emotional context influences access of visual stimuli to anxious individuals’ awareness

• Published in: Consciousness and cognition Vol. 21; no. 2; pp. 900 - 914
• Main Authors: Ruderman, Lital, Lamy, Dominique
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier Inc 01.06.2012; Elsevier; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Affectivity. Emotion; Anxiety; Anxiety - psychology; Attention; Awareness; Biological and medical sciences; Cognition; Consciousness; Emotional context; Emotions; Facial Expression; Facial expressions; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Male; Objective measures; Perception; Perceptual Masking; Personality. Affectivity; Photic Stimulation; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychophysiology; Subjective measures; Threat; Vision; Visual masking; Visual Perception; Visual stimuli; Objective measures; Consciousness; Facial expressions; Awareness; Subjective measures; Visual masking; Anxiety; Emotional context; Threat; Context; Human; Affect affectivity; Emotional expression; Cognition; Emotion emotionality; Experimental study; Subjective evaluation; Visual stimulus; Vision; Perception; Masking; Face; Facial expression
• ISSN: 1053-8100; 1090-2376; 1090-2376
• DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2012.01.015

► Subjects discriminated threat and non-threat faces from neutral objects. ► The emotional content of the targets was thus irrelevant to the task. ► We compared objective and subjective awareness thresholds in high/low trait anxiety. ► Anxious subjects had lower thresholds for all targets within a threat-related context. ► Affective context plays a prominent role in anxious individuals’ conscious perception. Anxiety has been associated with enhanced unconscious processing of threat and attentional biases towards threat. Here, we focused on the phenomenology of perception in anxiety and examined whether threat-related material more readily enters anxious than non-anxious individuals’ awareness. In six experiments, we compared the stimulus exposures required for each anxiety group to become objectively or subjectively aware of masked facial stimuli varying in emotional expression. Crucially, target emotion was task irrelevant. We found that high trait-anxiety individuals required less sensory evidence (shorter stimulus exposure times) to become aware of the face targets. This anxiety-based difference was observed for fearful faces in all experiments, but with non-threat faces, it emerged only when these were presented among threatening faces. Our findings suggest a prominent role for affective context in high-anxiety individuals’ conscious perception of visual stimuli. Possible mechanisms underlying the influence of context in lowering awareness thresholds in anxious individuals are discussed.