Contribution to the discussions on the origin of the cerrado biome: Brazilian savanna

• Published in: Brazilian journal of biology Vol. 70; no. 1; pp. 95 - 102
• Main Authors: Pinheiro, M H O, Monteiro, R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English; Portuguese
• Published: Brazil Instituto Internacional de Ecologia 01.02.2010
• Subjects: Adaptation, Biological - physiology; Biodiversity; Biological Evolution; BIOLOGY; Brazil; climate; Ecosystem; ecotypes; fire; Humans; refugia; soil; Trees - growth & development; Trees - physiology; Brazil; refúgios; clima; fogo; ecótipos; fire; soil; solo; climate; ecotypes; refugia
• ISSN: 1519-6984; 1678-4375; 1678-4375; 1519-6984
• DOI: 10.1590/S1519-69842010000100013

Theories that attempt to explain the origin of the cerrado biome are mostly based on the isolated action of three major factors: climate, fire and soil. Another factor that has been mentioned is that of human interference. We hypothesise that the evolutionary origin of this biome resulted from the complex interaction of climate, fire and soil, with climate being the triggering agent of this assumed interaction. Fire, as well as acid and dystrophic soils, would be factors involved in the selection of savanna species throughout climatic events, during the Tertiary and the Quaternary, e.g. Pliocene and Pleistocene. The genesis of the physiognomies that would give rise to cerrado sensu lato, rather than forest formations, could have occurred due to the strong pressure exerted by the reduction in water availability, and the selection of the species adapted to the new conditions imposed by the environment. The characteristics of cerrado sensu lato soil, originated from edaphic impoverishment caused by lixiviation and successive past fires, would remain, even after hydric availability increased following the Pleistocene glaciations.