Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Rare and Endangered Species- Eryngium maritimum L. and E. alpinum L

• Published in: Plants (Basel) Vol. 9; no. 4; p. 417
• Main Authors: Kikowska, Małgorzata, Kalemba, Danuta, Dlugaszewska, Jolanta, Thiem, Barbara
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 30.03.2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Acids; Alpine eryngo; Antimicrobial agents; Biomass; Chemical composition; Cineole; E coli; Endangered & extinct species; Endangered species; Eryngium maritimum; essential oil composition; Essential oils; Farnesene; Flavonoids; Fruits; Germacrene; germacrene D; Hydrocarbons; Investigations; Leaves; Menthol; Menthone; Metabolites; Oils & fats; Organs; organs from intact plant; Palmitic acid; Phytochemicals; Rare species; Raw materials; Sea holly; shoot in vitro cultures; Spathulenol; Poland; essential oil composition; organs from intact plant; antimicrobial activity of the essential oil; germacrene D; shoot in vitro cultures; Sea holly; Alpine eryngo
• ISSN: 2223-7747; 2223-7747
• DOI: 10.3390/plants9040417

In the present study, the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the organs of and were analyzed by GC-FID-MS. The dominant constituents assessed in the essential oil of were germacrene D (45.2%) in the fruits; hexadecanoic acid (18.5%), menthol (16.8%), and menthone (10.9%) in the roots; 2,3,4-trimethylbenzaldehyde (11.3%) and germacrene D (10.5%) in the leaves; 2,3,4-trimethylbenzaldehyde (11.3%) in the shoot culture. In the case of , the main components of the leaf oil were: β-elemenone (10.3%), germacrone (5.8%), two selinadienes (7.1% and 6.7%), and 1,8-cineole (5.3%), which were not found in the oil from shoot culture, whereas the shoot culture oil was dominated by hexadecanoic acid (15.5%), spathulenol (7.5%), ( )-β-farnesene (4.9%), germacra-4(15),5,10(14)-trien-1α-ol (4.7%), and falcarinol (4.3%). The essential oils obtained from fruits and leaves of the intact plants, measured by the broth microdilution method, were the most active against and . Moreover, the essential oil of leaves had the moderate activity against and . The results showed that the chemical compositions of the essential oils differed decidedly between the two studied species and between the organs. Furthermore, the essential oil of may play an important role as antimicrobial agent.