Developing Wound Dressings Using 2-deoxy- D -Ribose to Induce Angiogenesis as a Backdoor Route for Stimulating the Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 22; no. 21; p. 11437
• Main Authors: Dikici, Serkan, Yar, Muhammad, Bullock, Anthony J, Shepherd, Joanna, Roman, Sabiniano, MacNeil, Sheila
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 23.10.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: 2-deoxy-D-Ribose (2dDR); Angiogenesis; Angiogenesis Inducing Agents - chemistry; Animal models; Animals; Antiangiogenics; Bandages - trends; Bioassays; Biological activity; Cancer; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena - drug effects; chronic wounds; Collagen; D-Ribose; deoxy sugar; Deoxyribose - metabolism; Deoxyribose - pharmacology; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; DNA structure; Enzymes; Growth factors; Humans; Medical dressings; Morphogenesis - drug effects; Neovascularization, Physiologic - drug effects; Neovascularization, Physiologic - physiology; Phosphorylase; Review; Ribose; Ribose - metabolism; Ribose - pharmacology; Shelf life; Sugar; Thymidine; Thymidine phosphorylase; Thymine; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors - drug effects; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors - metabolism; wound dressing; Wound healing; Wound Healing - drug effects; wound healing; wound dressing; deoxy sugar; angiogenesis; chronic wounds; 2-deoxy-D-Ribose (2dDR)
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111437

2-deoxy- -Ribose (2dDR) was first identified in 1930 in the structure of DNA and discovered as a degradation product of it later when the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase breaks down thymidine into thymine. In 2017, our research group explored the development of wound dressings based on the delivery of this sugar to induce angiogenesis in chronic wounds. In this review, we will survey the small volume of conflicting literature on this and related sugars, some of which are reported to be anti-angiogenic. We review the evidence of 2dDR having the ability to stimulate a range of pro-angiogenic activities in vitro and in a chick pro-angiogenic bioassay and to stimulate new blood vessel formation and wound healing in normal and diabetic rat models. The biological actions of 2dDR were found to be 80 to 100% as effective as VEGF in addition to upregulating the production of VEGF. We then demonstrated the uptake and delivery of the sugar from a range of experimental and commercial dressings. In conclusion, its pro-angiogenic properties combined with its improved stability on storage compared to VEGF, its low cost, and ease of incorporation into a range of established wound dressings make 2dDR an attractive alternative to VEGF for wound dressing development.