Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Reduces Gastrin-Releasing Peptide in the Spinal Ejaculation Generator in Male Rats

• Published in: Journal of neurotrauma Vol. 36; no. 24; pp. 3378 - 3393
• Main Authors: Wiggins, J Walker, Kozyrev, Natalie, Sledd, Jonathan E, Wilson, George G, Coolen, Lique M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Mary Ann Liebert, Inc 15.12.2019; Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers
• Subjects: Androgen receptors; Androgens; Animals; Autonomic nervous system; Chronic Disease; Contusions; Ejaculation; Ejaculation - physiology; Galanin; Gastrin; Gastrin-releasing peptide; Gastrin-Releasing Peptide - analysis; Gastrin-Releasing Peptide - metabolism; Immunoreactivity; Laboratory animals; Locomotion - physiology; Male; Motor nuclei; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Original; Peptides; Plasma levels; Population; Presynapse; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflexes; Sacrum; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological - metabolism; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological - physiopathology; Spinal cord injuries; Spinal Cord Injuries - metabolism; Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology; Surgery; Testosterone; Thoracic Vertebrae - injuries; Thorax; lumbar spinal cord; contusion injury; sexual dysfunction; urogenital; anejaculation
• ISSN: 0897-7151; 1557-9042
• DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6509

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes sexual dysfunction, including anejaculation in men. Likewise, chronic mid-thoracic contusion injury impairs ejaculatory reflexes in male rats. Ejaculation is controlled by a spinal ejaculation generator (SEG) comprised of a population of lumbar spinothalamic (LSt) neurons. LSt neurons co-express four neuropeptides, including gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and galanin and control ejaculation via release of these peptides in lumbar and sacral autonomic and motor nuclei. Here, we tested the hypothesis that contusion injury causes a disruption of the neuropeptides that are expressed in LSt cell bodies and axon terminals, thereby causing ejaculatory dysfunction. Male Sprague Dawley rats received contusion or sham surgery at spinal levels T6-7. Five to six weeks later, animals were perfused and spinal cords were immunoprocessed for galanin and GRP. Results showed that numbers of cells immunoreactive for galanin were not altered by SCI, suggesting that LSt cells are not ablated by SCI. In contrast, GRP immunoreactivity was decreased in LSt cells following SCI, evidenced by fewer GRP and galanin/GRP dual labeled cells. However, SCI did not affect efferent connections of LSt, cells as axon terminals containing galanin or GRP in contact with autonomic cells were not reduced following SCI. Finally, no changes in testosterone plasma levels or androgen receptor expression were noted after SCI. In conclusion, chronic contusion injury decreased immunoreactivity for GRP in LSt cell soma, but did not affect LSt neurons per se or LSt connections within the SEG. Since GRP is essential for triggering ejaculation, such loss may contribute to ejaculatory dysfunction following SCI.