The ISKDC classification and a new semiquantitative classification for predicting outcomes of Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis

• Published in: Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, West) Vol. 32; no. 7; pp. 1201 - 1209
• Main Authors: Koskela, Mikael, Ylinen, Elisa, Ukonmaanaho, Elli-Maija, Autio-Harmainen, Helena, Heikkilä, Päivi, Lohi, Jouko, Jauhola, Outi, Ronkainen, Jaana, Jahnukainen, Timo, Nuutinen, Matti
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.07.2017; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adolescent; Biopsy; Child; Children; Classification; End-stage renal disease; Feasibility Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney - pathology; Kidney diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic - classification; Kidney Failure, Chronic - etiology; Kidney Failure, Chronic - pathology; Kidney Failure, Chronic - urine; Kidney transplantation; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Nephritis; Nephritis - classification; Nephritis - etiology; Nephritis - pathology; Nephritis - urine; Nephrology; Original Article; Patients; Pediatrics; Prognosis; Proteinuria - etiology; Proteinuria - pathology; Proteinuria - urine; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch - classification; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch - complications; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch - pathology; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch - urine; Renal insufficiency; Retrospective Studies; ROC Curve; Schonlein-Henoch purpura; Urology; Glomerulonephritis; Histology; Renal biopsy; Vasculitis; Children; Semiquantitative
• ISSN: 0931-041X; 1432-198X
• DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3608-5

Background Histological findings from primary kidney biopsies were correlated with patient outcomes in a national cohort of paediatric Henoch–Schönlein nephritis (HSN) patients. Methods Primary kidney biopsies from 53 HSN patients were re-evaluated using the ISKDC (International Study of Kidney Disease in Children) classification and a modified semiquantitative classification (SQC) that scores renal findings and also takes into account activity, chronicity and tubulointerstitial indices. The ISKDC and SQC classifications were evaluated comparatively in four outcome groups: no signs of renal disease (outcome A, n  = 27), minor urinary abnormalities (outcome B, n  = 18), active renal disease (outcome C, n  = 3) and renal insufficiency, end-stage renal disease or succumbed due to HSN (outcome D, n  = 5). For the receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses, outcomes A and B were considered to be favourable and outcomes C and D to be unfavourable. The median follow-up time was 7.3 years. Results The patients with an unfavourable outcome (C and D), considered together due to low patient numbers, had significantly higher total biopsy SQC scores and activity indices than those who had a favourable one (groups A and B). The chronicity and tubulointerstitial indices differed significantly only between group C + D and group A. The difference in areas under the curve between the total biopsy SQC scores and ISKDC findings was 0.15 [ p  = 0.04, normal-based 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.007–0.29, bias-controlled 95% CI −0.004 to 0.28]. Conclusions Our results suggest that the modified SQC is more sensitive than ISKDC classification for predicting the outcome in HSN cases.