Linkage between N2O emission and functional gene abundance in an intensively managed calcareous fluvo-aquic soil
The linkage between N 2 O emissions and the abundance of nitrifier and denitrifier genes is unclear in the intensively managed calcareous fluvo-aquic soils of the North China Plain. We investigated the abundance of bacterial amoA for nitrification and narG, nirS, nirK , and nosZ for denitrification...
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| Published in | Scientific reports Vol. 7; no. 1; p. 43283 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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24.02.2017
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| Abstract | The linkage between N
2
O emissions and the abundance of nitrifier and denitrifier genes is unclear in the intensively managed calcareous fluvo-aquic soils of the North China Plain. We investigated the abundance of bacterial
amoA
for nitrification and
narG, nirS, nirK
, and
nosZ
for denitrification by
in situ
soil sampling to determine how the abundance of these genes changes instantly during N fertilization events and is related to high N
2
O emission peaks. We also investigated how long-term incorporated straw and/or manure affect(s) the abundance of these genes based on a seven-year field experiment. The overall results demonstrate that the long-term application of urea-based fertilizer and/or manure significantly enhanced the number of bacterial
amoA
gene copies leading to high N
2
O emission peaks after N fertilizer applications. These peaks contributed greatly to the annual N
2
O emissions in the crop rotation. A significant correlation between annual N
2
O emissions and
narG, nirS
, and
nirK
gene numbers indicates that the abundance of these genes is related to N
2
O emission under conditions for denitrification, thus partly contributing to the annual N
2
O emissions. These findings will help to draw up appropriate measures for mitigation of N
2
O emissions in this ‘hotspot’ region. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The linkage between N
2
O emissions and the abundance of nitrifier and denitrifier genes is unclear in the intensively managed calcareous fluvo-aquic soils of the North China Plain. We investigated the abundance of bacterial
amoA
for nitrification and
narG, nirS, nirK
, and
nosZ
for denitrification by
in situ
soil sampling to determine how the abundance of these genes changes instantly during N fertilization events and is related to high N
2
O emission peaks. We also investigated how long-term incorporated straw and/or manure affect(s) the abundance of these genes based on a seven-year field experiment. The overall results demonstrate that the long-term application of urea-based fertilizer and/or manure significantly enhanced the number of bacterial
amoA
gene copies leading to high N
2
O emission peaks after N fertilizer applications. These peaks contributed greatly to the annual N
2
O emissions in the crop rotation. A significant correlation between annual N
2
O emissions and
narG, nirS
, and
nirK
gene numbers indicates that the abundance of these genes is related to N
2
O emission under conditions for denitrification, thus partly contributing to the annual N
2
O emissions. These findings will help to draw up appropriate measures for mitigation of N
2
O emissions in this ‘hotspot’ region. The linkage between N2O emissions and the abundance of nitrifier and denitrifier genes is unclear in the intensively managed calcareous fluvo-aquic soils of the North China Plain. We investigated the abundance of bacterial amoA for nitrification and narG, nirS, nirK, and nosZ for denitrification by in situ soil sampling to determine how the abundance of these genes changes instantly during N fertilization events and is related to high N2O emission peaks. We also investigated how long-term incorporated straw and/or manure affect(s) the abundance of these genes based on a seven-year field experiment. The overall results demonstrate that the long-term application of urea-based fertilizer and/or manure significantly enhanced the number of bacterial amoA gene copies leading to high N2O emission peaks after N fertilizer applications. These peaks contributed greatly to the annual N2O emissions in the crop rotation. A significant correlation between annual N2O emissions and narG, nirS, and nirK gene numbers indicates that the abundance of these genes is related to N2O emission under conditions for denitrification, thus partly contributing to the annual N2O emissions. These findings will help to draw up appropriate measures for mitigation of N2O emissions in this 'hotspot' region.The linkage between N2O emissions and the abundance of nitrifier and denitrifier genes is unclear in the intensively managed calcareous fluvo-aquic soils of the North China Plain. We investigated the abundance of bacterial amoA for nitrification and narG, nirS, nirK, and nosZ for denitrification by in situ soil sampling to determine how the abundance of these genes changes instantly during N fertilization events and is related to high N2O emission peaks. We also investigated how long-term incorporated straw and/or manure affect(s) the abundance of these genes based on a seven-year field experiment. The overall results demonstrate that the long-term application of urea-based fertilizer and/or manure significantly enhanced the number of bacterial amoA gene copies leading to high N2O emission peaks after N fertilizer applications. These peaks contributed greatly to the annual N2O emissions in the crop rotation. A significant correlation between annual N2O emissions and narG, nirS, and nirK gene numbers indicates that the abundance of these genes is related to N2O emission under conditions for denitrification, thus partly contributing to the annual N2O emissions. These findings will help to draw up appropriate measures for mitigation of N2O emissions in this 'hotspot' region. The linkage between N2 O emissions and the abundance of nitrifier and denitrifier genes is unclear in the intensively managed calcareous fluvo-aquic soils of the North China Plain. We investigated the abundance of bacterial amoA for nitrification and narG, nirS, nirK, and nosZ for denitrification by in situ soil sampling to determine how the abundance of these genes changes instantly during N fertilization events and is related to high N2 O emission peaks. We also investigated how long-term incorporated straw and/or manure affect(s) the abundance of these genes based on a seven-year field experiment. The overall results demonstrate that the long-term application of urea-based fertilizer and/or manure significantly enhanced the number of bacterial amoA gene copies leading to high N2 O emission peaks after N fertilizer applications. These peaks contributed greatly to the annual N2 O emissions in the crop rotation. A significant correlation between annual N2 O emissions and narG, nirS, and nirK gene numbers indicates that the abundance of these genes is related to N2 O emission under conditions for denitrification, thus partly contributing to the annual N2 O emissions. These findings will help to draw up appropriate measures for mitigation of N2 O emissions in this 'hotspot' region. |
| ArticleNumber | 43283 |
| Author | Zhang, Xiaojun Yang, Liuqing Ju, Xiaotang |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Liuqing surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Liuqing organization: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University – sequence: 2 givenname: Xiaojun surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Xiaojun email: xjzhang68@sjtu.edu.cn organization: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University – sequence: 3 givenname: Xiaotang surname: Ju fullname: Ju, Xiaotang email: juxt@cau.edu.cn organization: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University |
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O emissions and the abundance of nitrifier and denitrifier genes is unclear in the intensively managed calcareous fluvo-aquic soils of... The linkage between N2 O emissions and the abundance of nitrifier and denitrifier genes is unclear in the intensively managed calcareous fluvo-aquic soils of... The linkage between N2O emissions and the abundance of nitrifier and denitrifier genes is unclear in the intensively managed calcareous fluvo-aquic soils of... |
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| SubjectTerms | 704/106/694 704/47/4112 Abundance Agricultural practices AmoA gene Calcareous soils Crop rotation Denitrification Emission measurements Emissions Fertilization Fertilizer application Genes Humanities and Social Sciences Manures multidisciplinary NirK protein Nitrification Nitrous oxide Science Straw Urea |
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| Title | Linkage between N2O emission and functional gene abundance in an intensively managed calcareous fluvo-aquic soil |
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