Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Asparagus Stalk End

• Published in: Polymers Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 81
• Main Authors: Klunklin, Warinporn, Jantanasakulwong, Kittisak, Phimolsiripol, Yuthana, Leksawasdi, Noppol, Seesuriyachan, Phisit, Chaiyaso, Thanongsak, Insomphun, Chayatip, Phongthai, Suphat, Jantrawut, Pensak, Sommano, Sarana Rose, Punyodom, Winita, Reungsang, Alissara, Ngo, Thi Minh Phuong, Rachtanapun, Pornchai
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 28.12.2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Agricultural production; agricultural waste; Asparagus; Biomedical materials; biopolymer; By products; Carboxymethyl cellulose; Carboxymethylation; Cellulose fibers; Chloroacetic acid; CMC; degree of substitution; Drug delivery systems; Elongation; Food packaging; Fourier transforms; Hydrogels; Mechanical properties; Melting points; Morphology; Physical properties; Scanning electron microscopy; Sodium; Sodium hydroxide; Spectrum analysis; Substitution reactions; Tensile strength; Tissue engineering; Vegetables; Viscosity; United Kingdom > UK; Thailand; United States > US; Japan; Germany; cellulose extraction; degree of substitution; carboxymethyl cellulose; agricultural waste; CMC; biopolymer; asparagus; DS
• ISSN: 2073-4360; 2073-4360
• DOI: 10.3390/polym13010081

Cellulose from stalk end was extracted and synthesized to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC ) using monochloroacetic acid (MCA) via carboxymethylation reaction with various sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations starting from 20% to 60%. The cellulose and CMC were characterized by the physical properties, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, mechanical properties of CMC films were also investigated. The optimum condition for producing CMC was found to be 30% of NaOH concentration for the carboxymethylation reaction, which provided the highest percent yield of CMC at 44.04% with the highest degree of substitution (DS) at 0.98. The melting point of CMC decreased with increasing NaOH concentrations. Crystallinity of CMC was significantly deformed ( < 0.05) after synthesis at a high concentration. The value of the CMC was significantly lower at a high NaOH concentration compared to the cellulose. The highest tensile strength (44.59 MPa) was found in CMC film synthesized with 40% of NaOH concentration and the highest percent elongation at break (24.99%) was obtained in CMC film treated with 30% of NaOH concentration. The applications of asparagus stalk end are as biomaterials in drug delivery system, tissue engineering, coating, and food packaging.