Panax ginseng Fruit Has Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation by Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Periodontitis

• Published in: Antioxidants Vol. 9; no. 12; p. 1221
• Main Authors: Kim, Eun-Nam, Kim, Tae-Young, Park, Eui Kyun, Kim, Jae-Young, Jeong, Gil-Saeng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 03.12.2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Alkaline phosphatase; Alveolar bone; Animal models; Bone loss; Cardiovascular disease; Cbfa-1 protein; Collagen; Collagen (type I); Computed tomography; Connective tissue; Connective tissue diseases; Cyclooxygenase-2; Cytokines; Enzymes; Ginseng; Gum disease; Heme; Heme oxygenase (decyclizing); heme oxygenase-1; Herbal medicine; Inflammatory diseases; Interleukin 6; Ligaments; Lipopolysaccharides; Nitric oxide; Nitric-oxide synthase; osteogenic differentiation; Osteopontin; Oxygenase; Panax ginseng; Panax ginseng fruit extract; Periodontal diseases; Periodontal ligament; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Proteins; Signal transduction; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Minneapolis Minnesota; St Louis Missouri; United States > US; China; Japan; Grand Island New York; Switzerland; Germany; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Panax ginseng fruit extract; heme oxygenase-1; osteogenic differentiation; periodontitis
• ISSN: 2076-3921; 2076-3921
• DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121221

Periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease of tissues around teeth that destroys connective tissues and is characterized by the loss of periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone. A new treatment strategy is needed owing to the limitations of the current surgical treatment method and the side effects of anti-inflammatory drugs. Therefore, here, we assessed whether fruit extract (PGFE) is a new therapeutic agent for periodontitis in vitro and in vivo. According to the results, PGFE suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and pro-inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 through heme oxygenase-1 expression in human periodontal ligament cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS). In addition, the osteogenic induction of human periodontal ligament cells was inhibited by PG-LPS, and protein and mRNA levels of osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase, collagen type 1 (COL1), osteopontin (OPN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) were increased. The efficacy of PGFE for inhibiting periodontitis in vitro was demonstrated in a representative in vitro model of periodontitis induced by ligature and PG-LPS. Subsequently, hematoxylin and eosin staining and micro-computed tomography of the euthanized experimental animal model confirmed suppressed periodontal inflammation, which is an important strategy for treating periodontitis and for recovering the resulting alveolar bone loss. Therefore, PGFE is a potential, novel therapeutic agent for periodontal diseases.