Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Attenuates Uremia-Induced Brain Damage in Mice

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 22; no. 21; p. 11802
• Main Authors: Kim, Eun-Ji, Ham, Young Rok, Shin, Jin Ah, Jeong, Jin Young, Na, Ki Ryang, Lee, Kang Wook, Kim, Jwa-Jin, Choi, Dae Eun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 30.10.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; AKT protein; Animals; Apoptosis; Brain - metabolism; Brain - pathology; Brain damage; Brain Injuries - drug therapy; Brain Injuries - metabolism; Brain Injuries - pathology; Brain injury; Cell death; Cell Line; Damage detection; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - pharmacology; indoxyl sulfate; Ischemia; ischemia-reperfusion; Kidney - metabolism; Kidney - pathology; Kidney diseases; Kidneys; Kinases; Male; Mice; Nervous system; Neurological diseases; Neuroprotection; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phosphorylation; Protein expression; Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Reperfusion; Signal Transduction - drug effects; Toxicity; Toxins; Traumatic brain injury; Uremia; Uremia - drug therapy; Uremia - metabolism; Uremia - pathology; uremic toxin; ω3-PUFA; brain injury; indoxyl sulfate; PIK-Akt signaling; apoptosis; uremic toxin; ischemia-reperfusion; ω3-PUFA
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111802

Although the cause of neurological disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been completely identified yet, recent papers have identified accumulated uremic toxin as its main cause. Additionally, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) plays an important role in maintaining normal nerve function, but its protective effects against uremic toxin is unclear. The objective of this study was to identify brain damage caused by uremic toxicity and determine the protective effects of ω-3 PUFA against uremic toxin. We divided mice into the following groups: wild-type (wt) sham ( = 8), ω-3 PUFA sham ( = 8), Fat-1 sham ( = 8), ischemia-reperfusion (IR) ( = 20), and ω-3 PUFA+IR ( = 20) Fat-1+IR ( = 20). Brain tissue, kidney tissue, and blood were collected three days after the operation of mice (sham and IR operation). This study showed that Ki67 and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) decreased in the brain of uremic mice as compared to wt mice brain, but increased in the ω-3 PUFA-treated uremic mice and the brain of uremic Fat-1 mice as compared to the brain of uremic mice. The pro-apoptotic protein expressions were increased, whereas anti-apoptotic protein expression decreased in the brain of uremic mice as compared to wt mice brain. However, apoptotic protein expression decreased in the ω-3 PUFA-treated uremic mice and the brain of uremic Fat-1 mice as compared to the brain of uremic mice. Furthermore, the brain of ω-3 PUFA-treated uremic mice and uremic Fat-1 mice showed increased expression of p-PI3K, p-PDK1, and p-Akt as compared to the brain of uremic mice. We confirm that uremic toxin damages the brain and causes cell death. In these injuries, ω-3 PUFA plays an important role in neuroprotection through PI(3)K-Akt signaling.