Geographic Pattern of Sushi Product Misdescription in Italy-A Crosstalk between Citizen Science and DNA Barcoding

• Published in: Foods Vol. 10; no. 4; p. 756
• Main Authors: Pappalardo, Anna Maria, Raffa, Alessandra, Calogero, Giada Santa, Ferrito, Venera
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 02.04.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: COI barcoding; Consumption; Crosstalk; Cytochrome; Cytochrome oxidase I; Cytochromes; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; Eggs; Fish; Food; Food safety; Food science; Gene sequencing; Mitochondrial DNA; molecular traceability; Morphology; Product safety; Safety; Seafood; Software; Species; Standardization; Substitutes; Supply chains; sushi restaurants; teleosts; Thunnus thynnus; Hong Kong China; Italy; United States > US; China; Germany; teleosts; COI barcoding; sushi restaurants; molecular traceability
• ISSN: 2304-8158; 2304-8158
• DOI: 10.3390/foods10040756

The food safety of sushi and the health of consumers are currently of high concern for food safety agencies across the world due to the globally widespread consumption of these products. The microbiological and toxicological risks derived from the consumption of raw fish and seafood have been highlighted worldwide, while the practice of species substitution in sushi products has attracted the interest of researchers more than food safety agencies. In this study, samples of sushi were processed for species authentication using the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene as a DNA barcode. The approach of Citizen Science was used to obtain the sushi samples by involving people from eighteen different Italian cities (Northern, Central and Southern Italy). The results indicate that a considerable rate of species substitution exists with a percentage of misdescription ranging from 31.8% in Northern Italy to 40% in Central Italy. The species most affected by replacement was followed by the flying fish roe substituted by eggs of . These results indicate that a standardization of fish market names should be realized at the international level and that the indication of the scientific names of species should be mandatory for all products of the seafood supply chain.