Metabolic Disorders in Multiple Myeloma

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 22; no. 21; p. 11430
• Main Authors: Gavriatopoulou, Maria, Paschou, Stavroula A, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Ioannis, Dimopoulos, Meletios A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 22.10.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Adenosine triphosphate; Amino acids; Bone cancer; Bone marrow; Cancer; Cell growth; Cell proliferation; Cell Proliferation - physiology; Cytokines - metabolism; Deregulation; Drug resistance; Energy; Energy Metabolism - physiology; Enzymes; Fatty acids; Gene loci; Glucose; glutaminolysis; Glycolysis; Glycolysis - physiology; Humans; Hypoxia; Immune system; Immunosurveillance; Inflammation; Kinases; Malignancy; Medical prognosis; Metabolic Diseases - pathology; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic pathways; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - pathology; metabolism; Metabolites; Metformin; Metformin - therapeutic use; Multiple myeloma; Multiple Myeloma - pathology; Older people; Oxidative stress; Pathogenesis; Plasma cells; Plasma Cells - pathology; Proteins; Review; Statins; Tumor Microenvironment - physiology; metabolic syndrome; multiple myeloma; metabolism; glycolysis; glutaminolysis
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111430

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy and is attributed to monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Cancer cells including myeloma cells deregulate metabolic pathways to ensure proliferation, growth, survival and avoid immune surveillance, with glycolysis and glutaminolysis being the most identified procedures involved. These disorders are considered a hallmark of cancer and the alterations performed ensure that enough energy is available for rapid cell proliferation. An association between metabolic syndrome, inflammatory cytokinesand incidence of MM has been also described, while the use of metformin and statins has been identified as a positive prognostic factor for the disease course. In this review, we aim to present the metabolic disorders that occur in multiple myeloma, the potential defects on the immune system and the potential advantage of targeting the dysregulated pathways in order to enhance antitumor therapeutics.