Evaluation of the Performance of OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2 Test Among Decedents in Kisumu, Kenya

• Published in: Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) Vol. 89; no. 3; p. 282
• Main Authors: Opollo, Valarie, Nyakeriga, Emmanuel, Kingwara, Leonard, Sila, Alex, Oguta, Macxine, Oyaro, Boaz, Onyango, Dickens, Mboya, Frankline O, Waruru, Anthony, Musingila, Paul, Mwangome, Mary, Nyagah, Lilly M, Ngugi, Catherine, Sava, Solomon, Waruiru, Wanjiru, Young, Peter W, Junghae, Muthoni
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.03.2022
• Subjects: HIV Antibodies; HIV Infections - diagnosis; HIV-1; Humans; Infant; Kenya - epidemiology; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Kenya
• ISSN: 1944-7884
• DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002857

Estimating cause-related mortality among the dead is not common, yet for clinical and public health purposes, a lot can be learnt from the dead. HIV/AIDS accounted for the third most frequent cause of deaths in Kenya; 39.7 deaths per 100,000 population in 2019. OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2 has previously been validated on oral fluid and implemented as a screening assay for HIV self-testing in Kenya among living subjects. We assessed the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2 for HIV screening among decedents. Trained morticians collected oral fluid from 132 preembalmed and postembalmed decedents aged >18 months at Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital mortuary in western Kenya and tested for HIV using OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2. Test results were compared with those obtained using the national HIV Testing Services algorithm on matched preembalming whole blood specimens as a gold standard (Determine HIV and First Response HIV 1-2-O). We calculated positive predictive values, negative predictive values, area under the curve, and sensitivity and specificity of OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2 compared with the national HTS algorithm. OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2 had similar sensitivity of 92.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 75.7 to 99.1] on preembalmed and postembalmed samples compared with the gold standard. Specificity was 97.1% (95% CI: 91.9 to 99.4) and 95.2% (95% CI: 89.2 to 98.4) preembalming and postembalming, respectively. Preembalming and postembalming positive predictive value was 89.3% (95% CI: 71.8 to 97.7) and 83.3% (95% CI: 65.3 to 94.4), respectively. The area under the curve preembalming and postembalming was 94.9% (95% CI: 89.6 to 100) and 93.9% (95% CI: 88.5 to 99.4), respectively. The study showed a relatively high-performance sensitivity and specificity of OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2 test among decedents, similar to those observed among living subjects. OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2 presents a convenient and less invasive screening test for surveillance of HIV among decedents within a mortuary setting.