Endovascular repair of ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysms is associated with high perioperative mortality and morbidity

• Published in: Journal of vascular surgery Vol. 51; no. 2; pp. 299 - 304
• Main Authors: Geisbüsch, Philipp, MD, Kotelis, Drosos, MD, Weber, Tim F., MD, Hyhlik-Dürr, Alexander, MD, Böckler, Dittmar, MD, PhD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Mosby, Inc 01.02.2010; Elsevier
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic - diagnostic imaging; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic - mortality; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic - surgery; Aortic Rupture - diagnostic imaging; Aortic Rupture - mortality; Aortic Rupture - surgery; Aortography - methods; Biological and medical sciences; Blood and lymphatic vessels; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation - adverse effects; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation - instrumentation; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation - mortality; Cardiology. Vascular system; Diseases of the aorta; Female; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Proportional Hazards Models; Prosthesis Design; Prosthesis Failure; Renal Insufficiency - complications; Renal Insufficiency - mortality; Reoperation; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Surgery; Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases; Time Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome; Vascular surgery: aorta, extremities, vena cava. Surgery of the lymphatic vessels; Cardiovascular disease; Endovascular route; Aortic aneurysm; Surgery; Mortality; Morbidity
• ISSN: 0741-5214; 1097-6809
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.08.049

Purpose To analyze early and midterm results after endovascular treatment of ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysms (rTAA). Methods Between January 1997 and January 2009, a total of 236 patients received thoracic aortic repair in our institution; 23 patients (14 men; median age, 75 years; range, 60-88 years) due to a ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm (rTAA). Rupture was defined according to computed tomography angiograpy (CTA) criteria with definite sign for hemorrhage outside the aortic wall. Patients with symptomatic TAA but with normal CT scans were excluded. A retrospective analysis of these patients was performed. Median follow up was 28 months (range, 0.1-82.5 months) and included serial aortic imaging at discharge, six, and 12 months and annually thereafter. Results Technical success rate was 87%. The overall in hospital mortality was 48% with predominantly (50%) cardiac complications. Neurological complications occurred in three patients, two patients suffered from a transient ischemic attack (TIA)/stroke, and one patient experienced paraplegia after early conversion to open surgery. Primary endoleaks were seen in four of 25 patients (16%); no secondary endoleak was observed. Early conversion was necessary in two patients caused by an aortoesophageal fistula. The one- and three-year survival rates were 37.3% and 29.9% with no aortic or procedure-related death during follow up. Reintervention was necessary in four of 25 patients (16%). Cox regression analysis revealed preoperative renal insufficiency (hazard ratio [HR] 5.85, P = .0073) as an independent predictor of perioperative death. Conclusions The endovascular treatment of ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysms is associated with a high perioperative mortality and morbidity as well as poor midterm survival. Renal insufficency proved to be an independent risk factor for perioperative death.