Detecting wave features in Doppler radial velocity radar observations

• Published in: Atmospheric measurement techniques Vol. 15; no. 6; pp. 1689 - 1702
• Main Authors: Miller, Matthew A, Yuter, Sandra E, Hoban, Nicole P, Tomkins, Laura M, Colle, Brian A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Katlenburg-Lindau Copernicus GmbH 22.03.2022; Copernicus Publications
• Subjects: Atmospheric research; Clouds; Discards; Doppler effect; Doppler sonar; Elevation angle; Gravity waves; Image filters; Meteorological radar; Meteorological research; Meteorological stations, Radar; Perturbation; Perturbations; Position indicators; Precipitation; Radar; Radar data; Radar resolution; Radial velocity; Storms; Troposphere; Velocity; Vertical velocities; Wave motion; Waves; Weather forecasting; Weather radar; Wind; United States > US
• ISSN: 1867-8548; 1867-1381; 1867-8548
• DOI: 10.5194/amt-15-1689-2022

Mesoscale, wave-like perturbations in horizontal air motions in the troposphere (velocity waves) are associated with vertical velocity, temperature, and pressure perturbations that can initiate or enhance precipitation within clouds. The ability to detect velocity waves from horizontal wind information is an important tool for atmospheric research and weather forecasting. This paper presents a method to routinely detect velocity waves using Doppler radial velocity data from a scanning weather radar. The method utilizes the difference field between consecutive position plan indicator (PPI) scans at a given elevation angle. Using the difference between fields a few minutes apart highlights small-scale perturbations associated with waves because the larger-scale wind field changes more slowly. Image filtering retains larger contiguous velocity bands and discards noise. Wave detection scales are limited by the size of the temporal difference relative to the wave motion and the radar resolution volume size.